Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009 Oct;19(5):669-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00825.x. Epub 2008 Jul 8.
This study examined the stability and change over time in genetic and environmental influences on walking ability among older women. Maximal walking speed over 10 m and 6-min walking endurance test were measured under standard conditions at baseline and 3 years later. At both times, 63 monozygotic (MZ) and 67 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were measured for walking speed and 58 MZ and 56 DZ pairs for walking endurance. Participants were twin sisters reared together and aged 63-75 years at baseline. Genetic and environmental influences were examined using longitudinal genetic modelling. The results showed that walking speed was preserved from baseline to follow-up. Genetic influences on walking speed were also similar at baseline (56%) and follow-up (60%). Walking endurance declined from baseline to follow-up, while genetic influences for walking endurance increased from baseline (40%) to follow-up (60%). Most of the genetic influences identified at baseline were also present at follow-up for walking speed (r(g)=0.72) and endurance (r(g)=0.71). In conclusion, among relatively healthy older women, genetic influences on walking speed and endurance were moderate at baseline, while at 3-year follow-up a moderate increment was observed in walking endurance. Newly expressed genetic influences were recognized at follow-up.
本研究考察了老年女性行走能力的遗传和环境影响在时间上的稳定性和变化。在基线和 3 年后的标准条件下，分别测量了 10 米最大行走速度和 6 分钟行走耐力测试。在这两个时间点，分别对 63 对同卵（MZ）和 67 对异卵（DZ）双胞胎进行了行走速度测量，对 58 对 MZ 和 56 对 DZ 双胞胎进行了行走耐力测量。参与者是一起长大的双胞胎姐妹，基线时年龄为 63-75 岁。使用纵向遗传模型来检查遗传和环境影响。结果表明，从基线到随访，行走速度得到了保持。基线时（56%）和随访时（60%）对行走速度的遗传影响也相似。行走耐力从基线到随访时下降，而行走耐力的遗传影响从基线时（40%）增加到随访时（60%）。在基线时确定的大多数遗传影响也存在于行走速度（r(g)=0.72）和耐力（r(g)=0.71）的随访中。总之，在相对健康的老年女性中，行走速度和耐力的遗传影响在基线时处于中等水平，而在 3 年随访时，行走耐力的遗传影响适度增加。在随访中发现了新的表达遗传影响。
