Jones Deborah L, Weiss Stephen M, Chitalu Ndashi, Villar Olga, Kumar Mahendra, Bwalya Violet, Mumbi Maureen
Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida.
Am J Infect Dis. 2007;3(4):169-176. doi: 10.3844/ajidsp.2007.169.176.
An estimated 38.6 million persons globally are living with HIV, of whom over 1.1 million reside in Zambia. Of the 2 million cases in the US, 64% of new cases among women are among African Americans. Alcohol and drug use represents a significant risk factor for HIV transmission among both Zambians and African Americans. In addition, gender dynamics in both the US and Zambia promote transmission. This study examines two interventions targeting HIV risk behavior among HIV positive substance users, women in Miami, USA (the New Opportunities for Women (NOW) Project) and men in Lusaka, Zambia (the Partner Project). The study compares the efficacy of these two culturally tailored sexual behavior interventions provided in group and individual session formats. US and Zambian participants increased sexual barrier use and reduced substance-related sexual risk. Comparatively greater gains were made by higher risk Zambian males than US females in both group and individual conditions. Among lower risk participants, women in the group condition achieved and sustained the greatest comparative risk reductions. Results suggest that cost effective group HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for multiethnic individuals can be successfully implemented among both female and male drug and alcohol users in multinational settings.
据估计，全球有3860万人感染了艾滋病毒，其中超过110万人生活在赞比亚。在美国的200万病例中，女性新病例的64%是非洲裔美国人。酗酒和吸毒是赞比亚人和非洲裔美国人感染艾滋病毒的一个重要风险因素。此外，美国和赞比亚的性别动态都助长了传播。本研究考察了针对美国迈阿密的艾滋病毒呈阳性的药物使用者（“女性新机遇”（NOW）项目）和赞比亚卢萨卡的男性（“伙伴项目”）的艾滋病毒风险行为的两种干预措施。该研究比较了以小组和个人形式提供的这两种针对不同文化的性行为干预措施的效果。美国和赞比亚的参与者增加了性屏障的使用，并降低了与药物相关的性风险。在小组和个人条件下，风险较高的赞比亚男性比美国女性取得了相对更大的进展。在风险较低的参与者中，小组条件下的女性实现并持续保持了最大程度的相对风险降低。结果表明，针对多种族个体的具有成本效益的降低艾滋病毒传播风险的小组干预措施可以在跨国环境中的男女药物和酒精使用者中成功实施。
