Trotter Griffin
Center for Health Care Ethics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103-2006, USA.
Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2008 Jul;22(3):158-62. doi: 10.1016/j.trre.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 May 8.
A shortage of transplantable organs in the United States can be traced to low rates of donation. Incentives for organ donation might partially remedy these organ shortfalls. Although incentives countervail the dominant philanthropy model, this model is neither well supported by ethical argument nor strictly applied. Preferred allocation, consisting in the practice of awarding extra priority points to previously registered organ donors who need transplants, is attractive in that it offers a potentially effective incentive while deviating less radically from entrenched practices than financial incentives. It is supported by the public and conforms to intuitions about justice and reciprocity. Moreover, it highlights moral features of the transplant community as a particular moral community within the greater medical community.
美国可移植器官的短缺可归因于器官捐赠率低。器官捐赠激励措施或许能部分弥补这些器官短缺。尽管激励措施与占主导地位的慈善模式相悖，但这种模式在伦理论证上缺乏充分支持，也未得到严格应用。优先分配，即给予先前登记的需要移植的器官捐赠者额外的优先点数，具有吸引力，因为它提供了一种潜在有效的激励措施，同时与既定做法的偏离程度比经济激励措施小。它得到公众支持，符合关于正义和互惠的直觉。此外，它凸显了移植群体作为更大医疗群体中一个特殊道德群体的道德特征。
