Hakun J G, Ruparel K, Seelig D, Busch E, Loughead J W, Gur R C, Langleben D D
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6178, USA.
Soc Neurosci. 2009;4(6):518-27. doi: 10.1080/17470910802188370.
Recent reports of successful fMRI-based discrimination between lie and truth in single subjects raised the interest of prospective users and a public concern about the potential scope of this technology. The increased scrutiny highlighted the lack of controlled "real life", i.e. prospective clinical trials of this technology that conform to the common standards of medical device development. The ethics of conducting such trials given the paucity of data on fMRI-based lie detection has also been questioned. To probe the potential issues of translating the laboratory research into practice, we conducted a case study in which we adapted the standard Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), a well-established model of producing deception, to the common scenario of lying on a resume. The task consisted of questions about pertinent items on the subject's resume, three of which could be independently verified as truth (KNOWN) and three that could not be verified and were thus termed UNKNOWN. The subject had an incentive to lie on all UNKNOWN items, and on debriefing confirmed that he had done so. Data was preprocessed, masked with a priori regions of interest, thresholded, and qualitatively evaluated for consistency with the previously reported prefronto-parietal Lie > Truth pattern. Deceptive responses to two out of the three UNKNOWN items were associated with the predicted prefronto-parietal fMRI pattern. In the third UNKNOWN this pattern was absent, and instead, increased limbic (amygdala and hippocampus) response was observed. Based on published prefronto-parietal Lie response pattern, only the first two items could be categorized as Lie. If confirmed, this demonstration of amygdala and hippocampus activation in a Lie > Truth contrast illustrates the need to integrate the limbic system and its emotional and cognitive correlates into the existing model of deception. Our experiment suggests an approach to a naturalistic scenario and the research questions that need to be answered in order to set the stage for prospective clinical trials of fMRI-based lie detection.
近期有报告称，基于功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术成功在个体受试者中区分谎言与真话，这引发了潜在用户的兴趣，并引起了公众对该技术潜在应用范围的关注。日益严格的审查凸显了缺乏可控的“现实生活”情境，即符合医疗设备开发通用标准的该技术前瞻性临床试验。鉴于基于fMRI的测谎数据匮乏，进行此类试验的伦理问题也受到了质疑。为探究将实验室研究转化为实际应用的潜在问题，我们开展了一项案例研究，在其中我们将标准的有罪知识测试（GKT，一种成熟的制造欺骗的模型）应用于简历造假这一常见场景。任务包含关于受试者简历相关条目的问题，其中三条可独立核实为真实（已知），另外三条无法核实，因此称为未知。受试者有动机对所有未知条目说谎，在汇报情况时证实他确实这样做了。对数据进行预处理，用先验感兴趣区域进行掩蔽，设定阈值，并对其与先前报道的额顶叶说谎>真话模式的一致性进行定性评估。对三条未知条目中两条的欺骗性回答与预测的额顶叶fMRI模式相关。在第三条未知条目中，该模式不存在，取而代之的是观察到边缘系统（杏仁核和海马体）反应增强。基于已发表的额顶叶说谎反应模式，只有前两条条目可归类为说谎。如果得到证实，这种在说谎>真话对比中杏仁核和海马体激活的证明说明了将边缘系统及其情感和认知关联整合到现有欺骗模型中的必要性。我们的实验提出了一种针对自然主义场景的方法以及为基于fMRI的测谎前瞻性临床试验奠定基础所需回答的研究问题。
