Sinzger C, Digel M, Jahn G
Institute of Medical Virology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;325:63-83. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_4.
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can infect a remarkably broad cell range within its host, including parenchymal cells and connective tissue cells of virtually any organ and various hematopoietic cell types. Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are the predominant targets for virus replication. The pathogenesis of acute HCMV infections is greatly influenced by this broad target cell range. Infection of epithelial cells presumably contributes to inter-host transmission. Infection of endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells facilitates systemic spread within the host. Infection of ubiquitous cell types such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells provides the platform for efficient proliferation of the virus. The tropism for endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells varies greatly among different HCMV strains, mostly dependent on alterations within the UL128-131 gene locus. In line with the classification of the respective proteins as structural components of the viral envelope, interstrain differences concerning the infectivity in endothelial cells and macrophages are regulated on the level of viral entry.
人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）可在其宿主内感染极为广泛的细胞类型，包括几乎任何器官的实质细胞和结缔组织细胞以及各种造血细胞类型。上皮细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞和平滑肌细胞是病毒复制的主要靶细胞。急性HCMV感染的发病机制在很大程度上受这种广泛的靶细胞范围影响。上皮细胞感染可能有助于病毒在宿主间传播。内皮细胞和造血细胞感染促进病毒在宿主体内的全身扩散。成纤维细胞和平滑肌细胞等普遍存在的细胞类型的感染为病毒的有效增殖提供了平台。不同HCMV毒株对内皮细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞的嗜性差异很大，这主要取决于UL128 - 131基因座内的改变。与相应蛋白质作为病毒包膜结构成分的分类一致，不同毒株在内皮细胞和巨噬细胞中感染性的差异在病毒进入水平上受到调控。
