Rutgers Michiel
Laboratory for Ecological Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3621 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2008 Dec 1;406(3):469-78. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.055. Epub 2008 Jul 21.
In the Stimulation Program System-oriented Ecotoxicological Research (SSEO) three sites in The Netherlands were investigated for field effects of the grey veil of pollutants. At each site several studies were performed in order to arrive at an adequate weight of evidence and to improve causal inference of pollutant effects. This paper contains a synthesis of results of the studies, performed at one of the sites, the Demmerikse polder. This site is characterized by an anthropogenic layer of soil (in old Dutch: 'toemaakdek') on top of the natural peat. Lead, copper and zinc concentrations were elevated, with lead concentrations above a Netherlands environmental quality criterion (Intervention Value) in 66% of the samples. Issues discussed in the paper are: the sampling strategy, selection of maximum gradient and suitable community end-points, both in space and in time. Specific emphasis was given to causal inference of ecological effects of pollutants, related to direct versus indirect effects, functioning of ecosystems, normal operation range and risk assessment. The plausibility of metal effects could be demonstrated on a number of occasions. In the Demmerikse polder changes in the bacterial and nematode communities could be related significantly to metal concentrations and separated from other environmental variables, such as organic matter content and pH.
在面向刺激程序系统的生态毒理学研究（SSEO）中，对荷兰的三个地点进行了污染物灰色面纱的现场影响调查。在每个地点都进行了多项研究，以便得出充分的证据权重并改善对污染物影响的因果推断。本文综合了在其中一个地点——德默里克圩田进行的研究结果。该地点的特征是在天然泥炭之上有一层人为土壤层（在古荷兰语中为“toemaakdek”）。铅、铜和锌的浓度升高，66%的样本中铅浓度高于荷兰环境质量标准（干预值）。本文讨论的问题包括：采样策略、最大梯度的选择以及合适的群落终点，包括空间和时间方面的。特别强调了污染物生态效应的因果推断，涉及直接与间接效应、生态系统功能、正常运行范围和风险评估。在许多情况下都能证明金属效应的合理性。在德默里克圩田，细菌和线虫群落的变化与金属浓度显著相关，并与其他环境变量（如有机质含量和pH值）区分开来。
