Litten Jason B, Tomlinson Gail E
Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Oncologist. 2008 Jul;13(7):812-20. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0011. Epub 2008 Jul 21.
Malignant liver tumors account for slightly >1% of all pediatric malignancies, with roughly 150 new cases of liver tumors diagnosed in the U.S. annually. The embryonal tumor, hepatoblastoma, accounts for two thirds of malignant liver tumors in children. Other liver malignancies in children include hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and rhabdoid tumors. Benign tumors of the liver in children include vascular tumors, hamartomas, and adenomas. There is an apparent increase in the incidence of hepatoblastoma with perinatal exposures and decreased premature infant mortality as postulated causes for this increased risk. The known causes and associations of liver tumors in children as well as the approaches to diagnosis and treatment of children are discussed in this review article.
恶性肝肿瘤占所有儿童恶性肿瘤的比例略高于1%，在美国每年约有150例新发肝肿瘤病例被诊断出来。胚胎性肿瘤——肝母细胞瘤，占儿童恶性肝肿瘤的三分之二。儿童其他肝脏恶性肿瘤包括肝细胞癌、肉瘤、生殖细胞肿瘤和横纹肌样瘤。儿童肝脏良性肿瘤包括血管肿瘤、错构瘤和腺瘤。据推测，围产期暴露导致肝母细胞瘤发病率明显上升，早产儿死亡率下降是这种风险增加的原因。这篇综述文章讨论了儿童肝肿瘤的已知病因和关联以及儿童肝肿瘤的诊断和治疗方法。
