Wilkins Arnold, Huang Jie, Cao Yue
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
Drug Dev Res. 2007;68(7):469-475. doi: 10.1002/ddr.20216.
Strategy, Management and Health Policy Enabling Technology, Genomics, ProteomicsPreclinical ResearchPreclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, PharmacokineticsClinical Development Phases I-III Regulatory, Quality, ManufacturingPostmarketing Phase IVIndividuals who suffer migraine, particularly migraine with visual aura (MwA), are susceptible to physiologically strong visual stimuli and find them aversive. Strong stimuli including bright light and certain visual patterns produce discomfort and perceptual illusions and can trigger migraine attacks. Perceptual illusions and visual discomfort are reported by most migraine sufferers and those with frequent headaches. These phenomena suggest that visual stimulation and consequent visual cortical activity contribute to the triggering of some migraine attacks. Perceptual illusions in MwA patients were found to be associated with hyper-activation in visual cortex. This excessive cortical activity is called visual stress. The cortex is generally hypothesized to be hyperexcitable in migraine, and this hyperexcitability could be the underlying mechanism of visual stress. It is hypothesized that visual stress results from too great a neural (hyperneural) activity in response to strong physiological sensory stimulation, particularly, but not exclusively, visual. A strong physiological visual input may cause a spread of excitation through hyperexcitable cortex, leading to neurons firing inappropriately and thereby resulting in perceptual illusions and distortions, and possibly promoting a migraine attack. Over the last 10 years, the use of colored filters to treat perceptual distortion of text has become common in many schools in Britain. The efficacy of precision spectral filters (PSF) in preventing migraine headache has been reported in several studies. One preliminary study revealed the suppressing effect of the PSF on visual cortical activity in a MwA patient, suggesting that it might be this reduction in cortical activation that is responsible for the reduction of the frequency of migraine attacks in those who benefited from the PSF. PSF offer a possible new prophylactic therapy for migraine. They are safe, free of side effects, and inexpensive.
策略、管理与健康政策 赋能技术、基因组学、蛋白质组学 临床前研究 临床前开发 毒理学、制剂 药物递送、药代动力学 临床开发 一至三期 监管、质量、生产 上市后四期 患有偏头痛的个体，尤其是伴有视觉先兆的偏头痛（MwA）患者，易受生理上强烈的视觉刺激影响，且会觉得这些刺激令人厌恶。包括强光和某些视觉模式在内的强烈刺激会产生不适和知觉错觉，并可能引发偏头痛发作。大多数偏头痛患者以及经常头痛的患者都会报告知觉错觉和视觉不适。这些现象表明，视觉刺激以及随之而来的视觉皮层活动会促使一些偏头痛发作。研究发现，MwA患者的知觉错觉与视觉皮层的过度激活有关。这种过度的皮层活动被称为视觉应激。一般认为，偏头痛患者的皮层过度兴奋，而这种过度兴奋可能是视觉应激的潜在机制。据推测，视觉应激是由于对强烈的生理感觉刺激，尤其是但不限于视觉刺激产生了过大的神经（超神经）活动所致。强烈的生理性视觉输入可能会导致兴奋通过过度兴奋的皮层扩散，导致神经元异常放电，从而产生知觉错觉和扭曲，并可能引发偏头痛发作。在过去10年里，在英国的许多学校，使用彩色滤光片治疗文本知觉扭曲已变得很普遍。几项研究报告了精确光谱滤光片（PSF）预防偏头痛的疗效。一项初步研究揭示了PSF对一名MwA患者视觉皮层活动的抑制作用，这表明可能正是这种皮层激活的减少导致了那些受益于PSF的患者偏头痛发作频率的降低。PSF为偏头痛提供了一种可能的新预防性疗法。它们安全、无副作用且价格低廉。
