Porta Natacha, Bourgois Béatrice, Galabert Claude, Lecointe Cécile, Cappy Pierre, Bordet Régis, Vallée Louis, Auvin Stéphane
Department of Pharmacology, EA 1046, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Université de Lille-2 et Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France.
Epilepsia. 2009 Jan;50(1):65-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01723.x. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
Recent studies have revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anticonvulsive properties. Clinical trials using PUFAs reported conflicting results. It was suggested that PUFAs have anticonvulsant effects via modifications of brain phospholipids. Moreover, some authors suggested that the effect of the ketogenic diet (KD) leads to a high PUFA content. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant properties of a mixture containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linolenic acid (LA).
Four-week-old male Wistar rats were fed one of the following diets for 30 days: KD, standard diet, and standard diet with daily LA/ALA oral supplementation. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) threshold was used to assess the anticonvulsive effects of the diets. Nutritional status was monitored by body composition evaluation. Fatty acids composition of both plasma and brain phospholipids were also assessed.
Animals fed the KD and those who had the daily LA/ALA supplementation exhibited an increase in PTZ threshold. The animals did not show any modification of body composition or brain phospholipid composition. The plasma fatty acids composition was modified by KD and LA/ALA. A decrease in arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations was observed in both the KD and LA/ALA groups, while an increase in eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and ALA concentrations was only observed in the LA/ALA group.
Our study shows that LA/ALA supplementation exerts anticonvulsive properties comparable to KD. Nutritional status can not explain the anticonvulsive effects of PUFAs supplementation. Brain phospholipids were not different within groups. The anticonvulsive effects of LA supplementation seem to be unrelated to brain phospholipid composition.
近期研究表明多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）具有抗惊厥特性。使用PUFAs的临床试验报告了相互矛盾的结果。有人提出PUFAs通过改变脑磷脂发挥抗惊厥作用。此外，一些作者认为生酮饮食（KD）的作用会导致高PUFA含量。本研究的目的是评估含有α-亚麻酸（ALA）和亚油酸（LA）的混合物的抗惊厥特性。
给四周龄雄性Wistar大鼠喂食以下饮食之一，持续30天：KD、标准饮食以及添加每日LA/ALA口服补充剂的标准饮食。用戊四氮（PTZ）阈值评估饮食的抗惊厥作用。通过身体成分评估监测营养状况。还评估了血浆和脑磷脂的脂肪酸组成。
喂食KD的动物以及每日补充LA/ALA的动物PTZ阈值升高。动物未显示身体成分或脑磷脂组成有任何改变。KD和LA/ALA改变了血浆脂肪酸组成。KD组和LA/ALA组的花生四烯酸（AA）浓度均降低，而仅在LA/ALA组观察到二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和ALA浓度升高。
我们的研究表明，补充LA/ALA发挥的抗惊厥特性与KD相当。营养状况无法解释补充PUFAs的抗惊厥作用。各组内脑磷脂无差异。补充LA的抗惊厥作用似乎与脑磷脂组成无关。
