Dash Rajesh Roshan, Gaur Abhinav, Balomajumder Chandrajit
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur 177005, HP, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Apr 15;163(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.051. Epub 2008 Jun 21.
Cyanides are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae, and may be found in plants and some foods, such as lima beans and almonds. Although cyanides are present in small concentrations in these plants and microorganisms, their large-scale presence in the environment is attributed to the human activities as cyanide compounds are extensively used in industries. Bulk of cyanide occurrence in environment is mainly due to metal finishing and mining industries. Although cyanide can be removed and recovered by several processes, it is still widely discussed and examined due to its potential toxicity and environmental impact. From an economic standpoint, the biological treatment method is cost-effective as compared to chemical and physical methods for cyanide removal. Several microbial species can effectively degrade cyanide into less toxic products. During metabolism, they use cyanide as a nitrogen and carbon source converting it to ammonia and carbonate, if appropriate conditions are maintained. Biological treatment of cyanide under anaerobic as well as aerobic conditions is possible. The present review describes the mechanism and advances in the use of biological treatment for the removal of cyanide compounds and its advantages over other treatment processes. It also includes various microbial pathways for their removal.
氰化物由某些细菌、真菌和藻类产生，可能存在于植物和一些食物中，如利马豆和杏仁。尽管这些植物和微生物中氰化物的含量很低，但由于氰化物化合物在工业中被广泛使用，其在环境中的大量存在归因于人类活动。环境中大量氰化物的出现主要源于金属加工和采矿业。虽然氰化物可以通过多种工艺去除和回收，但由于其潜在毒性和环境影响，它仍然受到广泛讨论和研究。从经济角度来看，与化学和物理方法相比，生物处理方法在去除氰化物方面具有成本效益。几种微生物物种可以有效地将氰化物降解为毒性较小的产物。在新陈代谢过程中，如果维持适当的条件，它们会将氰化物用作氮和碳源，将其转化为氨和碳酸盐。在厌氧和好氧条件下对氰化物进行生物处理都是可能的。本综述描述了使用生物处理去除氰化物化合物的机制和进展，以及其相对于其他处理工艺的优势。它还包括各种去除氰化物的微生物途径。
