Milicevic M, Krzesinski J M
Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique.
Rev Med Liege. 2008 May-Jun;63(5-6):269-79.
The relationships between the brain and arterial hypertension are strong. The brain, through the hypothalamus, can quickly adapt the blood pressure level to maintain the cerebral blood flow. An acute increase in blood pressure, if it overtakes the autoregulatory capacities, needs an urgent intervention to decrease neurological problems such as encephalopathy. In chronic situations, arterial hypertension is a frequent cause of stroke, either ischemic or hemorragic, both in patients free and those who have already suffered from brain damage. Hypertension is also an actor in the genesis of vascular, but also Alzheimer's dementia. A strict control of blood pressure (but also in other atherosclerotic risk factors) into the normal range is needed to protect the brain, and this is more important than the choice of a particular class of antihypertensive agents, except the betablockers. The risk starts from the normal values of blood pressure.
大脑与动脉高血压之间的关系密切。大脑可通过下丘脑迅速调整血压水平，以维持脑血流量。血压急性升高若超过自身调节能力，则需要紧急干预，以减少诸如脑病等神经问题。在慢性情况下，动脉高血压是导致中风的常见原因，无论是缺血性还是出血性中风，在未患脑损伤和已患脑损伤的患者中均如此。高血压也是血管性痴呆以及阿尔茨海默病性痴呆发病的一个因素。为保护大脑，需将血压（以及其他动脉粥样硬化风险因素）严格控制在正常范围内，这比选择某一特定类别的抗高血压药物更为重要，但β受体阻滞剂除外。风险始于血压的正常数值。
