Diekhof Esther Kristina, Falkai Peter, Gruber Oliver
Systems Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg August University, Von-Siebold-Strasse 5, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
Brain Res Rev. 2008 Nov;59(1):164-84. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.004. Epub 2008 Jul 21.
The adequate integration of reward- and decision-related information provided by the environment is critical for behavioral success and subjective well being in everyday life. Functional neuroimaging research has already presented a comprehensive picture on affective and motivational processing in the healthy human brain and has recently also turned its interest to the assessment of impaired brain function in psychiatric patients. This article presents an overview on neuroimaging studies dealing with reward processing and decision-making by combining most recent findings from fundamental and clinical research. It provides an outline on the neural mechanisms guiding context-adequate reward processing and decision-making processes in the healthy brain, and also addresses pathophysiological alterations in the brain's reward system that have been observed in substance abuse and mood disorders, two highly prevalent classes of psychiatric disorders. The overall goal is to critically evaluate the specificity of neurophysiological alterations identified in these psychiatric disorders and associated symptoms, and to make suggestions concerning future research.
环境所提供的与奖励和决策相关信息的充分整合，对于日常生活中的行为成功和主观幸福感至关重要。功能神经影像学研究已经对健康人脑的情感和动机处理给出了全面描述，并且最近也将兴趣转向了对精神疾病患者受损脑功能的评估。本文通过结合基础研究和临床研究的最新发现，对涉及奖励处理和决策的神经影像学研究进行了综述。它概述了在健康大脑中指导与情境相适应的奖励处理和决策过程的神经机制，还探讨了在药物滥用和情绪障碍这两类高度普遍的精神疾病中观察到的大脑奖励系统的病理生理改变。总体目标是批判性地评估在这些精神疾病及其相关症状中所确定的神经生理改变的特异性，并对未来研究提出建议。
