Weston D P, Holmes R W, Lydy M J
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2009 Jan;157(1):287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.06.037. Epub 2008 Aug 3.
Pyrethroid pesticides occur in urban creek sediments at concentrations acutely toxic to sensitive aquatic life. To better understand the source of these residues, runoff from residential neighborhoods around Sacramento, California was monitored over the course of a year. Pyrethroids were present in every sample. Bifenthrin, found at up to 73 ng/L in the water and 1211 ng/g on suspended sediment, was the pyrethroid of greatest toxicological concern, with cypermethrin and cyfluthrin of secondary concern. The bifenthrin could have originated either from use by consumers or professional pest controllers, though the seasonal pattern of discharge from the drain was more consistent with professional use as the dominant source. Stormwater runoff was more important than dry season irrigation runoff in transporting pyrethroids to urban creeks. A single intense storm was capable of discharging as much bifenthrin to an urban creek in 3h as that discharged over 6 months of irrigation runoff.
拟除虫菊酯类农药在城市小溪沉积物中的浓度对敏感水生生物具有急性毒性。为了更好地了解这些残留物的来源，对加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托市周边居民区的径流进行了为期一年的监测。每个样本中都含有拟除虫菊酯类农药。水中联苯菊酯含量高达73纳克/升，悬浮沉积物中含量高达1211纳克/克，是最受毒理学关注的拟除虫菊酯类农药，氯氰菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯次之。联苯菊酯可能源自消费者或专业害虫防治人员的使用，不过排水口排放的季节性模式更符合专业使用作为主要来源的情况。在将拟除虫菊酯类农药输送到城市小溪方面，雨水径流比旱季灌溉径流更重要。一场强烈风暴在3小时内排入城市小溪的联苯菊酯量与6个月灌溉径流排放的量相当。
