Burns J C
USDA-ARS and Crop Science and Animal Science Departments, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Dec;86(12):3647-63. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1240. Epub 2008 Aug 1.
Pastures, forages, and grasslands dominate the landscape across the United States and support a large ruminant population that supplies the nation with value-added animal products. A historical perspective is presented of the innovations as they occurred in the Journal of Animal Science over the past 100 yr in pasture and forage research. Consideration was given to both animal and pasture perspectives. Areas given consideration from the animal perspective were schemes for feedstuff analysis, experimental design and statistics, forage sample preservation, indirect methods of measuring intake and digestion, TDN and energy, nutritive value, harvested forage, and innovations in the grazing environment. Areas given consideration from the forage perspective were a framework for forage-animal interface research, determining pasture yield, choice of stocking method, grazing management, partitioning of forage DM, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy technology, antiquality constituents, and forage sample preservation. Finally, the importance was discussed of applying research results from the forage-animal interface to general ruminant nutrition research beyond the interface that is focused on altered diets.
在美国，牧场、草料和草原遍布各地，养活了大量反刍动物，为国家提供了增值动物产品。本文从历史角度介绍了过去100年来发表在《动物科学杂志》上的牧场和草料研究创新成果。研究兼顾了动物和牧场两个视角。从动物视角考虑的领域包括饲料分析方案、实验设计与统计学、草料样本保存、摄入量和消化率的间接测量方法、总可消化养分和能量、营养价值、收获的草料以及放牧环境的创新。从草料视角考虑的领域包括草料-动物界面研究框架、确定牧场产量、放牧方式选择、放牧管理、草料干物质分配、近红外反射光谱技术、抗营养成分以及草料样本保存。最后，讨论了将草料-动物界面的研究成果应用于界面之外的一般反刍动物营养研究（重点是改变日粮）的重要性。
