基于种族/民族的歧视认知：测量方法综述及其在医疗环境中的有用性评估
Perceptions of race/ethnicity-based discrimination: a review of measures and evaluation of their usefulness for the health care setting.
作者信息
Kressin Nancy R, Raymond Kristal L, Manze Meredith
机构信息
Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (a VA Health Services Research and Development National Center for Excellence), Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA.
出版信息
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2008 Aug;19(3):697-730. doi: 10.1353/hpu.0.0041.
BACKGROUND
To assess discrimination in health care, reliable, valid, and comprehensive measures of racism/discrimination are needed.
OBJECTIVE
To review literature on measures of perceived race/ethnicity-based discrimination and evaluate their characteristics and usefulness in assessing discrimination from health care providers.
METHODS
Literature review of measures of perceived race/ethnicity-based discrimination (1966-2007), using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Social Science Citation Index.
RESULTS
We identified 34 measures of racism/discrimination; 16 specifically assessed dynamics in the health care setting. Few measures were theoretically based; most assessed only general dimensions of racism and focused specifically on the experiences of African American patients. Acceptable psychometric properties were documented for about half of the instruments.
CONCLUSIONS
Additional measures are needed for detailed assessments of perceived discrimination in the health care setting; they should be relevant for a wide variety of racial/ethnic groups, and they must assess how racism/discrimination affects health care decision making and treatments offered.
背景
为评估医疗保健中的歧视现象，需要可靠、有效且全面的种族主义/歧视衡量方法。
目的
回顾关于基于种族/民族的感知歧视衡量方法的文献，并评估其在评估医疗保健提供者的歧视方面的特征和实用性。
方法
使用医学索引数据库（MEDLINE）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）和社会科学引文索引，对1966年至2007年期间基于种族/民族的感知歧视衡量方法的文献进行综述。
结果
我们确定了34种种族主义/歧视衡量方法；其中16种专门评估了医疗保健环境中的动态情况。很少有衡量方法基于理论；大多数仅评估了种族主义的一般维度，并且特别关注非裔美国患者的经历。约一半的工具记录了可接受的心理测量特性。
结论
需要额外的衡量方法来详细评估医疗保健环境中感知到的歧视；它们应与广泛的种族/民族群体相关，并且必须评估种族主义/歧视如何影响医疗保健决策和所提供的治疗。
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