University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2009 Nov;13(6):847-56. doi: 10.1007/s10995-008-0399-0. Epub 2008 Aug 6.
Children born to teenage mothers are at risk for more physical and cognitive problems than those born to adult mothers. Our objective was to examine differences in size and intelligence between two cohorts of offspring born to adolescent (n = 357) and adult mothers (n = 668) who attended the same prenatal clinic.
Two prospective study cohorts assessed children from gestation through age 6 years. The adult cohort was studied in the mid-1980's and the teen cohort was evaluated in the mid-1990's. Both samples were of low socio-economic status. The same study design and measures allowed us to adjust for the covariates of size and IQ.
Offspring of adolescent mothers had a significantly smaller mean head circumference (5 mm) (HC) and higher body mass index (BMI) than offspring of adult mothers. Offspring of adolescent mothers scored significantly lower than the offspring of adult mothers on the Stanford-Binet (SBIS) composite score (4 points), and the quantitative (6.2 points), verbal reasoning (4.8 points), and short-term memory (3.9 points) area scores. Additional predictors of child IQ were maternal IQ, home environment, race, and number of siblings. When child HC was entered into our final regression model for the SBIS, maternal age and HC significantly predicted the composite score, the verbal reasoning, and short-term memory area scores. A 1 cm decrease in HC predicted a 1 point decrease in the SBIS composite score.
Compared to offspring of adult women, children of adolescent mothers have lower mean scores on cognitive measures, smaller head circumference, and higher BMI. These differences were significant after adjusting for differences between the two groups. Adolescent mothers and their children would benefit from interventions such as parenting support, education about nutritional needs, and advice on enriching the environments of their children.
与成年母亲所生的孩子相比，未成年母亲所生的孩子更有可能存在身体和认知问题。我们的目的是研究在同一产前诊所就诊的青少年（n=357）和成年母亲（n=668）所生的两个后代队列在体型和智力方面的差异。
两个前瞻性研究队列从胎儿期一直评估儿童到 6 岁。成年队列在 20 世纪 80 年代中期进行了研究，青少年队列在 20 世纪 90 年代中期进行了评估。两个样本都处于较低的社会经济地位。相同的研究设计和测量方法使我们能够调整体型和智商的协变量。
与成年母亲所生的孩子相比，青少年母亲的孩子头围（HC）明显较小（5 毫米），体重指数（BMI）较高。青少年母亲的孩子在斯坦福-比内特（SBIS）综合评分（4 分）以及数量（6.2 分）、语言推理（4.8 分）和短期记忆（3.9 分）区域评分上明显低于成年母亲的孩子。儿童智商的其他预测因素包括母亲智商、家庭环境、种族和兄弟姐妹数量。当儿童 HC 被纳入我们的 SBIS 最终回归模型时，母亲年龄和 HC 显著预测了综合评分、语言推理和短期记忆区域评分。HC 减少 1 厘米预测 SBIS 综合评分降低 1 分。
与成年女性的孩子相比，青少年母亲的孩子在认知测试中的平均得分较低，头围较小，BMI 较高。在调整了两组之间的差异后，这些差异具有统计学意义。青少年母亲及其孩子将受益于干预措施，如育儿支持、营养需求教育和丰富孩子环境的建议。
