Willford Jennifera, Leech Sharonl, Day Nancyl
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jun;30(6):1051-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00119.x.
The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on measures of intelligence have been well documented in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. However, deficits in general intellectual ability in children with low to moderate PAE are less well understood. The objective of this study was to assess the association between moderate PAE and cognitive ability in children at age 10 controlling for other prenatal and birth factors, maternal and child psychosocial factors, and environmental characteristics.
Data were collected as part of the Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project, a prospective study of prenatal substance use with 636 mother-child pairs. Women were assessed during each trimester of pregnancy and with their children at birth; 8 and 18 months; and 3, 6, and 10 years. Each phase included an evaluation of growth, development, cognitive, and psychological functioning. At age 10, cognitive ability was assessed using the composite score and verbal, abstract/visual, quantitative, and short-term memory area scores of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, fourth edition. Maternal intellectual ability, maternal prenatal and current drug use, maternal and child psychosocial characteristics, demographics, and home environment were included in the analysis.
A significant relation was found between alcohol exposure during the first and second trimesters and the composite score of the Stanford-Binet for African American children at age 10. Significant relations were also found for the verbal, abstract/visual, and quantitative subscales. Additional predictors of IQ at age 10 included mother's IQ, home environment, and child's report of depression.
There is a significant association between PAE and cognitive ability at age 10 among African American offspring. There was no relation between PAE and scores on the Stanford-Binet scales among the Caucasian offspring.
产前酒精暴露（PAE）对胎儿酒精综合征患儿智力指标的影响已有充分记录。然而，低至中度PAE患儿的一般智力能力缺陷尚不太为人所知。本研究的目的是在控制其他产前和出生因素、母婴心理社会因素以及环境特征的情况下，评估中度PAE与10岁儿童认知能力之间的关联。
数据收集作为孕产妇健康实践与儿童发展项目的一部分，这是一项对636对母婴进行的产前物质使用前瞻性研究。在孕期的每个阶段以及孩子出生时、8个月、18个月、3岁、6岁和10岁时对女性进行评估。每个阶段都包括对生长、发育、认知和心理功能的评估。在10岁时，使用斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的综合得分以及言语、抽象/视觉、定量和短期记忆领域得分来评估认知能力。分析中纳入了母亲的智力能力、母亲产前和当前的药物使用情况、母婴心理社会特征、人口统计学和家庭环境。
发现非裔美国儿童在孕早期和孕中期的酒精暴露与10岁时斯坦福-比奈综合得分之间存在显著关系。在言语、抽象/视觉和定量子量表上也发现了显著关系。10岁时智商的其他预测因素包括母亲的智商、家庭环境和孩子的抑郁报告。
非裔美国后代中，PAE与10岁时的认知能力之间存在显著关联。在白人后代中，PAE与斯坦福-比奈量表得分之间没有关系。
