Ogunlesi Tinuade A, Ogunfowora Olusoga B, Ogundeyi Mojisola M
Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Unit, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.
J Perinat Med. 2009;37(2):180-4. doi: 10.1515/JPM.2009.014.
Hypothermia is a major contributor to early neonatal deaths especially in the developing world. Factors which predispose babies to hypothermia need to be identified for intervention purposes.
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal hypothermia at admission in the first 72 h of life.
Babies hospitalized within the first 72 h of life in a Nigerian Neonatal Unit were surveyed. Data collected included age, sex, weight, place of delivery, history of breastfeeding, recent bath, oil cleansing of the skin and presence of asphyxia. Babies with skin (axillary) temperature <36.5 degrees C were considered hypothermic.
Of the 111 babies, 75 (67.6%) were hypothermic. The prevalence of hypothermia was high among babies aged <6 h (80.6%), preterm infants (88.9%), low-birth-weight babies (89.1%), babies with birth asphyxia (76.3%), babies without recent oiling of the skin (90.6%) and babies who had not been breastfed (79.2%). Using logistic regression, significant risk factors for early neonatal hypothermia at admission included low-birth-weight (P=0.000) and lack of breastfeeding (P=0.028).
Most of the identified risk factors are preventable. The warm chain should be strictly applied in-hospital and be taught to mothers and community health workers.
体温过低是早期新生儿死亡的主要原因，尤其是在发展中国家。为了进行干预，需要确定使婴儿易患体温过低的因素。
确定出生后72小时内入院时新生儿体温过低的患病率及危险因素。
对在尼日利亚新生儿病房出生后72小时内住院的婴儿进行调查。收集的数据包括年龄、性别、体重、分娩地点、母乳喂养史、近期洗澡情况、皮肤油浴情况及窒息情况。皮肤（腋窝）温度<36.5摄氏度的婴儿被视为体温过低。
111名婴儿中，75名（67.6%）体温过低。<6小时的婴儿（80.6%）、早产儿（88.9%）、低体重儿（89.1%）、出生时窒息的婴儿（76.3%）、近期未进行皮肤油浴的婴儿（90.6%）及未进行母乳喂养的婴儿（79.2%）体温过低的患病率较高。采用逻辑回归分析，入院时早期新生儿体温过低的显著危险因素包括低体重（P=0.000）和未进行母乳喂养（P=0.028）。
大多数已确定的危险因素是可预防的。应在医院严格应用热链，并向母亲和社区卫生工作者传授。
