Patja Kristiina, Vainiotalo Sinikka, Laatikainen Tiina, Kuusimaki Leea, Peltonen Kimmo, Vartiainen Erkki
National Public Health Institute, KTL, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki, Finland.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Aug;10(8):1327-33. doi: 10.1080/14622200802238977.
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is among the most common environmental health risks, with a striking and immediate biological response and increased disease risk. Exposure studies have looked mostly at worksite or home exposures, whereas total exposure levels at the population level are rarely reported. This study examined ETS exposure at work, at home, and during leisure time in a cross-sectional population sample of working-age adults. Our aim was to monitor changes in ETS exposure from 1992 to 2002. More detailed information on duration of exposure, distribution of exposure sites, and patterns of exposure was obtained in 2002. Data were based on Finland's national population chronic disease risk-factor surveys (conducted every 5 years). Total sample size varied from 8,000 to 13,500. The survey includes a self-administered questionnaire about ETS exposure at different sites. The proportion of nonsmoking persons exposed to ETS declined throughout the study period among both men and women. In 2002, 5.9% of male and 3.6% of female nonsmokers were exposed to ETS 1 hour or more per day, whereas 5.8% of men and 1.7% women were exposed less than 1 hour daily. Worksite exposure was more common among younger age groups of both sexes, but nonsmoking women in older age groups received more exposure at home than at worksites. Policy developments on ETS should aim to protect the whole population from ETS in all environments given that health risks from ETS often persist at home and in leisure environments. Total exposure levels should be studied to assess the health impacts of ETS.
环境烟草烟雾（ETS）是最常见的环境健康风险之一，会引发显著且即时的生物学反应，并增加患病风险。暴露研究大多关注工作场所或家庭中的暴露情况，而很少报告人群层面的总体暴露水平。本研究在一个工作年龄成年人的横断面人群样本中，调查了工作、家庭和休闲时间的ETS暴露情况。我们的目标是监测1992年至2002年期间ETS暴露的变化。2002年获取了关于暴露持续时间、暴露场所分布和暴露模式的更详细信息。数据基于芬兰全国人口慢性病风险因素调查（每5年进行一次）。总样本量从8000到13500不等。该调查包括一份关于不同场所ETS暴露情况的自填问卷。在整个研究期间，男性和女性中接触ETS的非吸烟者比例均有所下降。2002年，5.9%的男性和3.6%的女性非吸烟者每天暴露于ETS 1小时或更长时间，而5.8%的男性和1.7%的女性每天暴露时间少于1小时。工作场所暴露在两个性别的较年轻年龄组中更为常见，但老年组的非吸烟女性在家中受到的暴露比在工作场所更多。鉴于ETS带来的健康风险在家中和休闲环境中往往依然存在，关于ETS的政策制定应旨在保护所有环境中的全体人群免受ETS危害。应研究总体暴露水平以评估ETS对健康的影响。
