Vogt Florian, Hall Sue, Marteau Theresa M
Health Psychology Section, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Aug;10(8):1405-13. doi: 10.1080/14622200802239280.
Smokers' expected outcomes of using nicotine dependence medications may act as barriers to their use. In Study 1, 27 smokers were interviewed. Framework analysis was used to identify key themes in smokers' expectations of using nicotine dependence medications. In Study 2, a convenience sample of 212 smokers completed a survey. Multiple regression and mediation analyses were used to examine relationships between self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and intentions to use nicotine dependence medications. In Study 1, three themes emerged as factors for smokers' decisions to use nicotine dependence medications: (a) their effectiveness, (b) their desirability, including adverse effects, and (c) access to nicotine dependence medications. In Study 2, outcome expectations explained large amounts of variance in models predicting intentions to use (a) nicotine replacement therapy (f (2) = .97), and (b) bupropion (f (2) = .73). Effectiveness outcome expectations were the principal predictors in both models. Mild adverse effects outcome expectations explained additional variance in model 1, and medication-aversion outcome expectations explained additional variance in model 2. The effect of craving control outcome expectations on intentions in models 1 and 2 were mediated by effectiveness outcome expectations. Effectiveness outcome expectations were strong predictors of intentions, whereas outcome expectations that these medications are desirable were additional predictors. Expectations of effectiveness appear to be influenced by the ability of the medications to control cravings to smoke. Interventions aimed at increasing the likelihood with which smokers use nicotine dependence medications may be more successful if they address these expectations.
吸烟者对使用尼古丁依赖药物的预期结果可能会成为他们使用这些药物的障碍。在研究1中，对27名吸烟者进行了访谈。采用框架分析法来确定吸烟者对使用尼古丁依赖药物的预期中的关键主题。在研究2中，212名吸烟者的便利样本完成了一项调查。使用多元回归和中介分析来检验自我效能感、结果预期与使用尼古丁依赖药物的意图之间的关系。在研究1中，出现了三个主题，作为吸烟者决定使用尼古丁依赖药物的因素：（a）药物的有效性；（b）药物的可取性，包括副作用；（c）获得尼古丁依赖药物的途径。在研究2中，结果预期在预测使用（a）尼古丁替代疗法（f（2）=.97）和（b）安非他酮（f（2）=.73）意图的模型中解释了大量方差。有效性结果预期是两个模型中的主要预测因素。轻度副作用结果预期在模型1中解释了额外的方差，药物厌恶结果预期在模型2中解释了额外的方差。渴望控制结果预期对模型1和模型2中意图的影响由有效性结果预期介导。有效性结果预期是意图的强预测因素，而这些药物可取的结果预期是额外的预测因素。有效性预期似乎受到药物控制吸烟渴望能力的影响。如果干预措施能够解决这些预期，那么旨在提高吸烟者使用尼古丁依赖药物可能性的干预措施可能会更成功。
