Samson Maricar S, Rollon Rene N
Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Ambio. 2008 Jun;37(4):234-40. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[234:gpopmi]2.0.co;2.
The effort toward restoring lost mangroves in the Philippines has been commendably immense, specifically during the past two decades. In light of such, it is important to evaluate outcomes and, where appropriate, apply the lessons learned to the current strategies in mangrove forest management. This article synthesizes the results from several research projects assessing the performance of planted mangroves across the country. Overall, there is a widespread tendency to plant mangroves in areas that are not the natural habitat of mangroves, converting mudflats, sandflats, and seagrass meadows into often monospecific Rhizophora mangrove forests. In these nonmangrove areas, the Rhizophora seedlings experienced high mortality. Of the few that survived (often through persistent and redundant replanting), the young Rhizophora individuals planted in these nonmangrove and often low intertidal zones had dismally stunted growth relative to the corresponding growth performance of individuals thriving at the high intertidal position and natural mangrove sites. From this evidence, this article argues that a more rational focus of the restoration effort should be the replanting of mangroves in the brackish-water aquaculture pond environments, the original habitat of mangroves. For such, a number of management options can be explored, the implementation of which will ultimately depend on the political will of local and national governments.
在菲律宾，恢复已消失红树林的努力规模巨大，值得称赞，尤其是在过去二十年。鉴于此，评估成果并在适当情况下将汲取的经验教训应用于当前红树林森林管理策略非常重要。本文综合了几个研究项目的结果，这些项目评估了菲律宾各地人工种植红树林的表现。总体而言，存在一种普遍趋势，即在并非红树林自然栖息地的区域种植红树林，将泥滩、沙滩和海草草甸转变为通常单一物种的红树属红树林。在这些非红树林区域，红树幼苗死亡率很高。少数存活下来的（通常是通过持续且重复的补种），种植在这些非红树林且通常是低潮间带区域的小红树个体，相对于在高潮间带位置和自然红树林区域茁壮成长的个体的相应生长表现，生长严重受阻。基于这些证据，本文认为恢复工作更合理的重点应该是在红树林的原生栖息地——咸淡水养殖池塘环境中补种红树林。为此，可以探索多种管理选项，而这些选项的实施最终将取决于地方和国家政府的政治意愿。
