Guillot J, Hadina S, Guého E
INRA, AFSSA, ENVA, UMR 956, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Parassitologia. 2008 Jun;50(1-2):77-9.
Lipophilic yeasts are being considered as major opportunistic pathogens for a very long time. Most of the yeasts show an absolute requirement for long fatty acid chains and specific procedures are required for their isolation, conservation and identification. For that reason, the history of the nomenclature used for the Malassezia genus is quite complex. Before 1996, only 3 species were recognized: Malassezia furfur, M. pachydermatis and M. sympodialis. To date, the genus is composed of one non lipid-dependent species (M. pachydermatis) and 12 lipid-dependent species. No doubt that additional new taxa will be described in close future. Very recently the genome and secretory proteome of two Malassezia species was described. This analysis demonstrated the presence of multiple secreted lipases to aid in harvesting host lipids. It also revealed the presence of mating-type genes, providing an indication that Malassezia yeasts may be capable of sex.
亲脂性酵母长期以来一直被视为主要的机会性病原体。大多数酵母对长脂肪酸链有绝对需求，其分离、保存和鉴定需要特定程序。因此，马拉色菌属所使用的命名历史相当复杂。1996年之前，仅确认了3个物种：糠秕马拉色菌、厚皮马拉色菌和合轴马拉色菌。迄今为止，该属由1个非脂质依赖性物种（厚皮马拉色菌）和12个脂质依赖性物种组成。毫无疑问，在不久的将来会描述更多新的分类单元。最近，描述了两种马拉色菌的基因组和分泌蛋白质组。该分析表明存在多种分泌型脂肪酶以帮助获取宿主脂质。它还揭示了交配型基因的存在，这表明马拉色菌酵母可能具有有性生殖能力。
