Mwangangi Joseph M, Muturi Ephantus J, Shililu Josephat, Muriu Simon M, Jacob Benjamin, Kabiru Ephantus W, Mbogo Charles M, Githure John, Novak Robert
Centre for Geographic Medicine Research--Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 428, Kilifi 80108, Kenya.
J Vector Ecol. 2008 Jun;33(1):129-38. doi: 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[129:codaht]2.0.co;2.
Studies were conducted to determine the contribution of diverse larval habitats to adult Anopheles arabiensis Patton and Culex quinquefasciatus Say production in a rice land agro-ecosystem in Mwea, Kenya. Two sizes of cages were placed in different habitat types to investigate the influence of non-mosquito invertebrates on larval mortalities and the contribution of each habitat type to mosquito productivities, respectively. These emergence traps had fine netting material covers to prevent adult mosquitoes from ovipositing in the area covered by the trap and immature mosquitoes from entering the cages. The emergence of Anopheles arabiensis in seeps, tire tracks, temporary pools, and paddies was 10.53%, 17.31%, 12.50%, and 2.14%, respectively, while the corresponding values for Cx. quinquefasciatus were 16.85% in tire tracks, 8.39% in temporary pools, and 5.65% in the paddies from 0.125 m3 cages during the study. Cages measuring 1 m3 were placed in different habitat types which included paddy, swamp, marsh, ditch, pool, and seep to determine larval habitat productivity. An. arabiensis was the predominant anopheline species (98.0%, n = 232), although a few Anopheles coustani Laveran (2.0%, n = 5) emerged from the habitats. The productivity for An. arabiensis larvae was 6.0 mosquitoes per m2 for the temporary pools, 5.5 for paddy, 5.4 for marsh, 2.7 for ditch, and 0.6 for seep. The Cx. quinquefasciatus larval habitat productivity was 47.8 mosquitoes per m2 for paddies, 35.7 for ditches, 11.1 for marshes, 4.2 for seeps, 2.4 for swamps, and 1.0 for temporary pools. Pools, paddy, and marsh habitat types were the most productive larval habitats for An. arabiensis while paddy, ditch, and marsh were the most productive larval habitats for Cx. quinquefasciatus. The most common non-mosquito invertebrate composition in the cages included Dytiscidae, Notonectidae, Belostomatidae, and Ephemerellidae, and their presence negatively affected the number of emergent mosquitoes from the cages. In conclusion, freshly formed habitats are the most productive aquatic habitats, while old and more permanent habitats are the least productive due to natural regulation of mosquito immatures.
开展了多项研究，以确定肯尼亚姆韦亚水稻田农业生态系统中不同幼虫栖息地对阿拉伯按蚊（Anopheles arabiensis Patton）和致倦库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus Say）成虫繁殖的贡献。将两种尺寸的笼子放置在不同的栖息地类型中，分别研究非蚊类无脊椎动物对幼虫死亡率的影响以及每种栖息地类型对蚊子繁殖力的贡献。这些羽化诱捕器有细网材料覆盖，以防止成年蚊子在诱捕器覆盖区域产卵，以及防止未成熟蚊子进入笼子。在渗流处、轮胎痕迹、临时水池和稻田中，阿拉伯按蚊的羽化率分别为10.53%、17.31%、12.50%和2.14%，而在研究期间，致倦库蚊在轮胎痕迹中的羽化率为16.85%，在临时水池中为8.39%，在稻田中为5.65%（来自0.125立方米的笼子）。将1立方米的笼子放置在包括稻田、沼泽、湿地、沟渠、水池和渗流处等不同的栖息地类型中，以确定幼虫栖息地的繁殖力。阿拉伯按蚊是主要的按蚊种类（98.0%，n = 232），尽管也有少数康氏按蚊（Anopheles coustani Laveran，2.0%，n = 5）从这些栖息地羽化。临时水池中阿拉伯按蚊幼虫的繁殖力为每平方米6.0只蚊子，稻田为5.5只，湿地为5.4只，沟渠为2.7只，渗流处为0.6只。致倦库蚊幼虫栖息地的繁殖力为稻田每平方米47.8只蚊子，沟渠为35.7只，湿地为11.1只，渗流处为4.2只，沼泽为2.4只，临时水池为1.0只。水池、稻田和湿地栖息地类型是阿拉伯按蚊最具繁殖力的幼虫栖息地，而稻田、沟渠和湿地是致倦库蚊最具繁殖力的幼虫栖息地。笼子中最常见的非蚊类无脊椎动物包括龙虱科、仰蝽科、负子蝽科和短丝蜉科，它们的存在对笼子中羽化的蚊子数量有负面影响。总之由于对蚊子幼虫的自然调节，新形成的栖息地是最具繁殖力的水生栖息地，而古老且更持久的栖息地繁殖力最低。
