Muturi Ephantus J, Mwangangi Joseph, Shililu Josephat, Muriu Simon, Jacob Benjamin, Kabiru Ephantus, Gu Weidong, Mbogo Charles, Githure John, Novak Robert
Medical Entomology Laboratory, Centre for Ecological Entomology, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2007 Mar;44(2):336-44. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[336:mssapf]2.0.co;2.
The succession of mosquito species and abiotic factors affecting their distribution and abundance in rice (Oryza spp.) fields was investigated over a 16-wk rice growing cycle covering the period between January and May 2006. Fifteen experimental rice plots were sampled for mosquito larvae and characterized based on rice height, number of tillers, floating vegetation cover, water depth, water temperature, turbidity, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and conductivity. Microscopic identification of 3,025 larvae yielded nine mosquito species predominated by Anopheles arabiensis Patton (45.0%), Culex quinquefasciatus Say (35.8%), Anopheles pharoensis Theobald (9.0%) and Ficalbia splendens Theobald (7.1%). Other species, including Anopheles rufipes Gough, Anopheles coustani Laveran, Anonopheles maculipalpis Giles, Culex annulioris Theobald, and Culex poicilipes Theobald made up 3.1% of the total collection. Anopheles gambiae s.l., Cx. quinquefasciatus, and An. pharoensis occurred throughout the cycle, but they were more abundant up to 4 wk posttransplanting with peaks after fertilizer application. As rice plants became established, three groups of mosquitoes were recognized: the first groups included An. rufipes, Fl. splendens, and Cx. annulioris, which occurred throughout much of the second half of the rice cycle, whereas the second group included Cx. poicilipes, which was found in the middle of the rice cycle. An. coustani and An. maculipalpis formed the third group occurring toward the end of the cycle. Dissolved oxygen, number of tillers, and rice height were negatively associated with the abundance ofAn. arabiensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. In addition, Cx. quinquefasciatus also was associated with water depth (-ve) and turbidity (+ve). Abundance of An. pharoensis larvae was significantly associated with water temperature (+ve), the number of tillers (-ve), and rice height (-ve), whereas Fl. splendens was significantly associated with the number of tillers (+ve). The results demonstrate a complex nature of the interactions between some of the factors in the ecosystem and mosquito species abundance and calls for time-dependent and species-specific mosquito control operations.
在2006年1月至5月为期16周的水稻种植周期内，对影响稻田（稻属）中蚊子种类演替以及其分布和数量的非生物因素进行了调查。对15个实验稻田地块采集蚊子幼虫样本，并根据水稻高度、分蘖数、漂浮植被覆盖度、水深、水温、浊度、盐度、pH值、溶解氧、总溶解固体和电导率进行特征描述。对3025只幼虫进行显微镜鉴定，共发现9种蚊子，其中阿拉伯按蚊（Anopheles arabiensis Patton）占比最高（45.0%），其次是致倦库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus Say，35.8%）、法老按蚊（Anopheles pharoensis Theobald，9.0%）和灿烂费氏蚊（Ficalbia splendens Theobald，7.1%）。其他种类包括棕足按蚊（Anopheles rufipes Gough）、寇氏按蚊（Anopheles coustani Laveran）、黄斑按蚊（Anonopheles maculipalpis Giles）、环纹库蚊（Culex annulioris Theobald）和波氏库蚊（Culex poicilipes Theobald），占总捕获量的3.1%。冈比亚按蚊复合组（Anopheles gambiae s.l.）、致倦库蚊和法老按蚊在整个周期内均有出现，但在移栽后4周内数量较多，施肥后达到峰值。随着水稻植株的生长，可识别出三组蚊子：第一组包括棕足按蚊、灿烂费氏蚊和环纹库蚊，它们在水稻周期的后半段大部分时间出现；第二组包括波氏库蚊，出现在水稻周期的中期；寇氏按蚊和黄斑按蚊组成第三组，在周期接近尾声时出现。溶解氧、分蘖数和水稻高度与阿拉伯按蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫的数量呈负相关。此外，致倦库蚊还与水深（负相关）和浊度（正相关）有关。法老按蚊幼虫数量与水温（正相关）、分蘖数（负相关）和水稻高度（负相关）显著相关，而灿烂费氏蚊与分蘖数（正相关）显著相关。结果表明，生态系统中的一些因素与蚊子种类数量之间的相互作用具有复杂性，需要开展基于时间和物种特异性的蚊虫控制行动。
