Benardot D, Czerwinski C
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1991 Jan;91(1):29-33.
Selected body composition measures of female junior elite gymnasts (n = 146) were evaluated cross-sectionally (ie, we observed a younger and an older group at one point in time, not the same individuals over time). For certain comparisons, the gymnasts were grouped into a younger group (7- to 10-year-olds) and an older group (11- to 14-year-olds). Gymnasts were in the 50th percentile for weight:height ratio, regardless of age. However, weight:age and height:age percentiles progressively dropped from the 48th to the 20th as age increased. Body fat percentage did not differ significantly between age groups. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were 63% and 56%, respectively, of the age-related standard for the younger group and 52% and 39%, respectively, of the age-related standard for the older group. Arm muscle circumference and calculated arm muscle area of the gymnasts were in about the 75th percentile, regardless of age grouping. In general, as they grew older, gymnasts became progressively smaller in weight and height for age but were highly muscled for size. The steady age-related drop in height:age and weight:age percentile may be attributable to nutritional deficits, a sport-specific selection favoring retention of small but powerful gymnasts, or a combination of these factors. We recommend that young gymnasts be carefully observed longitudinally by trained nutrition professionals to ensure that inadequate nutrient intake is not a contributing factor to poor growth or health.
对146名女子青少年精英体操运动员的身体成分测量指标进行了横断面评估（即，我们在某一时刻观察了较年轻和较年长的两组运动员，而非同一批运动员随时间的变化情况）。在某些比较中，体操运动员被分为较年轻组（7至10岁）和较年长组（11至14岁）。无论年龄大小，体操运动员的体重身高比均处于第50百分位。然而，随着年龄增长，体重年龄比和身高年龄比的百分位从第48百分位逐渐降至第20百分位。各年龄组之间的体脂百分比无显著差异。较年轻组的肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度分别为年龄相关标准的63%和56%，较年长组则分别为年龄相关标准的52%和39%。无论年龄分组如何，体操运动员的上臂肌肉周长和计算得出的上臂肌肉面积均约处于第75百分位。总体而言，随着年龄增长，体操运动员的年龄别体重和身高逐渐变小，但身材肌肉发达。身高年龄比和体重年龄比百分位随年龄持续下降，可能归因于营养不足、一项有利于保留身材矮小但力量强大的体操运动员的特定运动选拔，或这些因素的综合作用。我们建议由训练有素的营养专业人员对年轻体操运动员进行纵向仔细观察，以确保营养摄入不足不会成为生长发育不良或健康问题的一个促成因素。
