Miller Karen, Clark Donna
Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
J Health Organ Manag. 2008;22(3):238-53. doi: 10.1108/14777260810883521.
The paper aims to explore the increasing feminisation of the medical profession and career progression of women in the medical profession. Furthermore, the paper explores the implications of gender segregation in the medical profession for health service provision.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The paper presents an overview of studies in this area and draws upon primary, empirical research with medical practitioners and medical students. However, unlike most other studies the sample includes male and female participants. The research involved elite interviews and self-completion questionnaires in order to provide perspectives of both male and female medical practitioners and medical students.
The findings are consistent with those of other studies; that gender discrimination and segregation is still prevalent in the medical profession. But there are significant differences in perceptions between the genders. Moreover, it is concluded that the gendered career structure and organisational culture of the health sector and medical profession create a role conflict between personal and professional lives. The current difficulties in reconciling this role conflict create barriers to the career progression of women in the medical profession.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Further research in this area could include a longitudinal study of medical students and the impact of changes in the design of medical training and career structures to assess whether these changes enable female career progression in the medical profession. Further analysis is needed of gendered practices and career development in specific specialist areas, and the role of the medical profession, NHS and Royal Colleges should play in addressing gender and career progression in medicine.
Gender segregation (vertical and horizontal) in the medical profession will have implications for the attraction, retention and increased shortages of practitioners in hospital and surgical specialities with the resultant economic and health provision inefficiencies.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The paper provides a review of literature in this area, thereby providing a longitudinal perspective of gender and the medical profession. Moreover, the research sample includes both male and female medical practitioners and medical students, which provides perspectives from both genders and from those who have experience within the medical profession and from those beginning their career in the medical profession. The research will be of value to the medical profession, the NHS and Royal Colleges of Medicine.
本文旨在探讨医学职业女性化程度的不断提高以及女性在医学职业中的职业发展。此外，本文还探讨了医学职业中的性别隔离对医疗服务提供的影响。
设计/方法/途径：本文概述了该领域的研究，并借鉴了对医生和医学生的初步实证研究。然而，与大多数其他研究不同的是，样本包括男性和女性参与者。该研究涉及精英访谈和自填问卷，以提供男性和女性医生及医学生的观点。
研究结果与其他研究一致；即性别歧视和隔离在医学职业中仍然普遍存在。但不同性别之间的认知存在显著差异。此外，得出的结论是，卫生部门和医学职业的性别化职业结构和组织文化在个人生活和职业生活之间造成了角色冲突。目前在调和这种角色冲突方面的困难为女性在医学职业中的职业发展造成了障碍。
研究局限性/影响：该领域的进一步研究可包括对医学生的纵向研究以及医学培训设计和职业结构变化的影响，以评估这些变化是否能促进女性在医学职业中的职业发展。需要对特定专科领域的性别化实践和职业发展进行进一步分析，以及医学职业、国民保健制度和皇家医学院在解决医学中的性别和职业发展问题方面应发挥的作用。
医学职业中的性别隔离（纵向和横向）将对医院和外科专科医生的吸引、留用以及短缺加剧产生影响，从而导致经济和医疗服务效率低下。
原创性/价值：本文对该领域的文献进行了综述，从而提供了性别与医学职业的纵向视角。此外，研究样本包括男性和女性医生及医学生，这提供了来自不同性别以及有医学职业经验者和刚开始医学职业生涯者的观点。该研究将对医学职业、国民保健制度和皇家医学院具有价值。
