Current levels of airborne polyfluorinated telomers in Japan.

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), a class of per- and poly-fluorochemicals (PFCs), are environmental contaminants characterized by high volatility and are therefore prone to long-range atmospheric transport. In this study, airborne FTOHs were identified in Japan using a newly developed passive air sampler containing activated carbon felts. Air sampling was conducted at 33 sites all over Japan from April to June 2007. 8:2 FTOH, the dominant analyte, ranged from <32 to 2466pgm(-3) (mean: 241pgm(-3)) followed by 6:2 FTOH from n.d. to 768pgm(-3) (mean: 51.6pgm(-3)), 10:2 FTOH from <17 to 113pgm(-3) (mean: 26.8pgm(-3)) and 8:2 FTOAcryl from n.d. to 480pgm(-3) (mean: 25.8pgm(-3)). 8:2 FTOMethacryl was not detected above detection limit (3pgm(-3)) in all samples. The highest concentration of total investigated PFCs was found in Chiba (35 degrees 43'20'' N 140 degrees 39'46'' E) (2152-3181pgm(-3)). On the other hand, in three locations of Higashi-Yodogawa (34 degrees 44' N 135 degrees 32' E), high levels of 8:2 FTOAcryl (239pgm(-3), 109-480pgm(-3)) were detected, the levels of which were comparable to those of 8:2 FTOH (mean: 175pgm(-3), range: 115-292pgm(-3)). This study is the first national wide-scale survey of FTOHs and 8:2 FTOAcryl across Japan, showing that 8:2 FTOH was ubiquitous in the environment in Japan.