Kleemann A M, Kopietz R, Albrecht J, Schöpf V, Pollatos O, Schreder T, May J, Linn J, Brückmann H, Wiesmann M
Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, , Munich, Germany.
Chem Senses. 2009 Jan;34(1):1-9. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjn042. Epub 2008 Aug 12.
Compared with visual and auditory imagery, little is known about olfactory imagery. There is evidence that respiration may be altered by both olfactory perception and olfactory imagery. In order to investigate this relationship, breathing parameters (respiratory minute volume, respiratory amplitude, and breathing rate) in human subjects during olfactory perception and olfactory imagery were investigated. Fifty-six subjects having normal olfactory function were tested. Nasal respiration was measured using a respiratory pressure sensor. Using an experimental block design, we alternately presented odors or asked the subjects to imagine a given smell. Four different pleasant odors were used: banana, rose, coffee, and lemon odor. We detected a significant increase in respiratory minute volume between olfactory perception and the baseline condition as well as between olfactory imagery and baseline condition. Additionally we found significant differences in the respiratory amplitude between imagery and baseline condition and between odor and imagery condition. Differences in the breathing rate between olfactory perception, olfactory imagery, and baseline were not statistically significant. We conclude from our results that olfactory perception and olfactory imagery both have effects on the human respiratory profile and that these effects are based on a common underlying mechanism.
与视觉和听觉意象相比，人们对嗅觉意象了解甚少。有证据表明，嗅觉感知和嗅觉意象都可能改变呼吸。为了研究这种关系，我们对人类受试者在嗅觉感知和嗅觉意象过程中的呼吸参数（每分钟呼吸量、呼吸幅度和呼吸频率）进行了研究。对56名嗅觉功能正常的受试者进行了测试。使用呼吸压力传感器测量鼻腔呼吸。采用实验分组设计，我们交替呈现气味或要求受试者想象一种特定的气味。使用了四种不同的宜人气味：香蕉味、玫瑰味、咖啡味和柠檬味。我们检测到，与基线状态相比，嗅觉感知时以及嗅觉意象时的每分钟呼吸量均显著增加。此外，我们发现意象与基线状态之间以及气味与意象状态之间的呼吸幅度存在显著差异。嗅觉感知、嗅觉意象和基线状态之间的呼吸频率差异无统计学意义。我们从研究结果中得出结论，嗅觉感知和嗅觉意象都会对人类的呼吸状况产生影响，且这些影响基于共同的潜在机制。
