Shields Nancy, Nadasen Kathy, Pierce Lois
Department of Sociology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2009 Jul;24(7):1192-208. doi: 10.1177/0886260508322184. Epub 2008 Aug 13.
This study is based on a sample of children from the Cape Town area in South Africa. The study compares the effects of witnessing school or neighborhood violence compared with being victimized in each context on psychological distress. The findings suggest that in the context of the school, victimization has a somewhat stronger effect on distress than witnessing violence. However, in the neighborhood, the opposite was the case. "Unknown locus of control" was also analyzed as a moderating variable. The findings are interpreted in the context of violence in South African society. The study also investigates the overlap between witnessing violence, victimization, and perpetration in the child's school and neighborhood. The vast majority of victims had been witnesses as well as perpetrators. Longitudinal research, which could track involvement in various forms of violence starting at a very early age, is needed to clearly assess the differential impact of each form of violence.
本研究基于南非开普敦地区儿童的样本。该研究比较了在学校或社区目睹暴力与在每种情境中成为受害者对心理困扰的影响。研究结果表明，在学校情境中，受害比目睹暴力对困扰的影响稍强。然而，在社区中情况则相反。“内控点不明”也作为一个调节变量进行了分析。研究结果是在南非社会暴力的背景下进行解释的。该研究还调查了儿童在学校和社区中目睹暴力、受害和实施暴力之间的重叠情况。绝大多数受害者既是目击者也是实施者。需要进行纵向研究，从很小的年龄开始追踪参与各种形式暴力的情况，以清楚地评估每种暴力形式的不同影响。
