Kirkpatrick Mark, Ravigné Virginie
Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
Am Nat. 2002 Mar;159 Suppl 3:S22-35. doi: 10.1086/338370.
A large number of mathematical models have been developed that show how natural and sexual selection can cause prezygotic isolation to evolve. This article attempts to unify this literature by identifying five major elements that determine the outcome of speciation caused by selection: a form of disruptive selection, a form of isolating mechanism (assortment or a mating preference), a way to transmit the force of disruptive selection to the isolating mechanism (direct selection or indirect selection), a genetic basis for increased isolation (a one- or two-allele mechanism), and an initial condition (high or low initial divergence). We show that the geographical context of speciation (allopatry vs. sympatry) can be viewed as a form of assortative mating. These five elements appear to operate largely independently of each other and can be used to make generalizations about when speciation is most likely to happen. This provides a framework for interpreting results from laboratory experiments, which are found to agree generally with theoretical predictions about conditions that are favorable to the evolution of prezygotic isolation.
已经开发出大量数学模型，这些模型展示了自然选择和性选择如何导致合子前隔离的进化。本文试图通过确定决定选择导致物种形成结果的五个主要因素来统一这一文献：一种 disruptive 选择形式、一种隔离机制形式（分类或交配偏好）、将 disruptive 选择的力量传递到隔离机制的方式（直接选择或间接选择）、增加隔离的遗传基础（单等位基因或双等位基因机制）以及初始条件（初始差异高或低）。我们表明，物种形成的地理背景（异域性与同域性）可被视为一种分类交配形式。这五个因素似乎在很大程度上彼此独立运作，可用于概括物种形成最有可能发生的时间。这为解释实验室实验结果提供了一个框架，发现这些结果总体上与关于有利于合子前隔离进化的条件的理论预测一致。
