Roth M E, Grant-Kels J M
Division of Dermatology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1991 Aug;38(4):791-809. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38154-8.
Melanocytic nevi are common in children and adolescents, and the preponderance of these lesions are benign. Congenital melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, and large numbers of common acquired nevi, however, may indicate an increased risk of malignant melanoma. With the exception, possibly, of giant congenital nevi, melanoma associated with these lesions generally occurs in adulthood. Nonetheless, some patients can be identified as being at increased risk for the development of melanoma during childhood. The poor prognosis associated with advanced melanoma and the curability of early lesions underscore the importance of prompt recognition of melanoma when it does occur in children. Furthermore, physicians who care for children are in a key position to decrease risk of melanoma throughout the lifespan by encouraging avoidance of excessive sun exposure during childhood.
黑素细胞痣在儿童和青少年中很常见，这些病变大多是良性的。然而，先天性黑素细胞痣、发育异常痣以及大量常见的后天性痣可能表明恶性黑色素瘤的风险增加。除了可能的巨大先天性痣外，与这些病变相关的黑色素瘤通常发生在成年期。尽管如此，一些患者在儿童时期就可被确定为患黑色素瘤的风险增加。晚期黑色素瘤的预后较差，而早期病变可治愈，这凸显了儿童发生黑色素瘤时及时识别的重要性。此外，照顾儿童的医生处于关键地位，可通过鼓励在儿童时期避免过度日晒来降低一生中患黑色素瘤的风险。
