Bilukha Oleg O, Brennan Muireann, Anderson Mark, Tsitsaev Zaur, Murtazaeva Eliza, Ibragimov Ramzan
International Emergency and Refugee Health Branch, Division of Emergency and Environmental Health Services, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;22(6):507-12. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00005331.
Due to more than a decade of armed conflict and civil unrest, Chechnya is among the regions most affected by landmines and unexploded ordnance worldwide.
The study was performed to assess the magnitude of injuries and deaths due to landmines and unexploded ordnance in Chechnya between 1994 and 2005 and to describe epidemiologic patterns and risk factors for these events.
Surveillance data that included 3,021 civilian non-combatants injured by landmines and unexploded ordnance in Chechnya during 1994-2005 were analyzed. Local non-governmental organizations in collaboration with the United Nations Children's Fund conducted victim data collection using trained staff to interview victims or their families. Surveillance data were used to describe injury trends, victim demographics, injury types, risk behaviors, and types of explosives related to landmine and unexploded ordnance events.
The largest number of injuries occurred in 2000 (716, injury rate 6.6 per 10,000) and 2001 (640, injury rate 5.9 per 10,000). One-quarter of all victims were younger than 18 years, and 19% were females. The case-fatality rate was 23%. Approximately 40% of victims were injured by landmines, 30% by unexploded ordnance, and 7% by booby traps. A large proportion of children and adults were injured while traveling or performing activities of economic necessity; 29% of children were injured while tampering with explosives or playing in a contaminated area. The proportion of victims with lower limb amputations was similar among children and adults (14% and 17%, respectively), whereas the proportion ofvictims with upper limb amputations was three times higher in children than in adults (12% and 4%, respectively). Most accidents that occurred while the victim was traveling or performing activities of economic necessity were caused by landmines, while most accidents that occurred while the victim was playing near an explosive device or tampering with it were caused by unexploded ordnance.
Civilians in Chechnya experienced the highest rates of injury from landmines and unexploded ordnance ever documented, 10 times higher than injury rates reported from such highly affected countries as Afghanistan, Angola, or Cambodia. Urgent efforts to identify, mark, and clear mined areas and/or areas contaminated with unexploded ordnance are needed to prevent further civilian injuries and deaths.
由于长达十多年的武装冲突和内乱，车臣是全球受地雷和未爆弹药影响最严重的地区之一。
本研究旨在评估1994年至2005年车臣因地雷和未爆弹药导致的伤亡规模，并描述这些事件的流行病学模式和风险因素。
对1994 - 2005年期间车臣3021名因地雷和未爆弹药受伤的平民非战斗人员的监测数据进行分析。当地非政府组织与联合国儿童基金会合作，使用经过培训的工作人员采访受害者或其家属来收集受害者数据。监测数据用于描述伤害趋势、受害者人口统计学特征、伤害类型、风险行为以及与地雷和未爆弹药事件相关的爆炸物类型。
受伤人数最多的年份是2000年（716人，受伤率为每万人6.6人）和2001年（640人，受伤率为每万人5.9人）。所有受害者中有四分之一年龄小于18岁，19%为女性。病死率为23%。约40%的受害者因地雷受伤，30%因未爆弹药受伤，7%因诱杀装置受伤。很大一部分儿童和成人在出行或从事经济必需活动时受伤；2%的儿童在摆弄爆炸物或在受污染区域玩耍时受伤。儿童和成人中下肢截肢受害者的比例相似（分别为14%和17%），而儿童上肢截肢受害者的比例是成人的三倍（分别为12%和4%）。受害者在出行或从事经济必需活动时发生的大多数事故是由地雷引起的，而受害者在靠近爆炸装置玩耍或摆弄它时发生的大多数事故是由未爆弹药引起的。
车臣平民因地雷和未爆弹药受伤的比例是有记录以来最高的，比阿富汗、安哥拉或柬埔寨等受影响严重的国家报告的受伤率高出10倍。需要紧急努力识别、标记和清理雷区及/或受未爆弹药污染的区域，以防止平民进一步伤亡。
