Dale O, Dale T
Anestesiavdelingen, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Jun 30;111(17):2115-7.
During the last decade, world society has acknowledged the harmful effects on the environment of the greenhouse effect and of depletion of the ozone layer, caused by industrial emissions of man-made compounds. Ozone depletion is caused mainly by chlorine compounds or nitrogen oxides released by degradation in the stratosphere. The greenhouse effect is caused by increased trapping of terrestrial heat radiation. Degradation of the anaesthetic vapours halothane, enflurane and isoflurane releases chlorine, and nitrous oxide degradation produces reactive nitrogen oxides. Nitrous oxide in particular, but also the vapours, absorb terrestrial radiation. The total discharge of anaesthetic vapours contributes to less than 0.01% of the total atmospheric chlorine load, and the annual Norwegian release of approximately two tons accounts for 0.2% of the world total. It is estimated that the total amount of nitrous oxide released from anaesthetics accounts for 0.05% of the greenhouse effect, while annual Norwegian emissions of nitrous oxide (less than 160 tons) comprise 0.2-0.4% of world total. Because of their favourable clinical properties and their modest contribution to ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect, medical use of inhalational anaesthetic agents should not be banned. However, low flow anaesthetic techniques should be employed, in order to reduce their negative impacts on the atmosphere.
在过去十年中，国际社会已经认识到人为化合物的工业排放所导致的温室效应和臭氧层损耗对环境产生的有害影响。臭氧层损耗主要是由平流层中降解产生的氯化合物或氮氧化物引起的。温室效应是由地球热辐射的捕获增加所致。麻醉性蒸气氟烷、恩氟烷和异氟烷的降解会释放氯，而氧化亚氮的降解会产生活性氮氧化物。特别是氧化亚氮，还有这些蒸气，都会吸收地球辐射。麻醉性蒸气的总排放量占大气氯总负荷的比例不到0.01%，挪威每年约两吨的排放量占全球总量的0.2%。据估计，麻醉剂释放的氧化亚氮总量占温室效应的0.05%，而挪威每年氧化亚氮排放量（不到160吨）占全球总量的0.2 - 0.4%。由于吸入麻醉剂具有良好的临床特性，且对臭氧层损耗和温室效应的影响较小，则不应禁止其在医学上的使用。然而，应采用低流量麻醉技术，以减少其对大气的负面影响。
