Bunchman Timothy E
Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 Sep;4(9):510-4. doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0924.
Over the past two decades, the etiology and therapy of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children has changed. Historically, hemolytic uremic syndrome was the major cause of pediatric AKI, but advances in technology have meant that sepsis and deterioration of often unrecognized long-term organ dysfunction are now more common causes of pediatric AKI in the developed world. At the same time, major advances in renal replacement therapy in children have occurred as a result of improved strategies for vascular access, more-adaptable equipment, and better techniques and protocols. This Review outlines the etiology, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment--both dialytic and non-dialytic--of pediatric AKI.
在过去二十年中，儿童急性肾损伤（AKI）的病因和治疗方法发生了变化。从历史上看，溶血尿毒综合征是儿童急性肾损伤的主要原因，但技术的进步意味着在发达国家，脓毒症和往往未被认识到的长期器官功能障碍的恶化现在是儿童急性肾损伤更常见的原因。与此同时，由于血管通路策略的改进、更适用的设备以及更好的技术和方案，儿童肾脏替代治疗取得了重大进展。本综述概述了儿童急性肾损伤的病因、发病率、诊断以及透析和非透析治疗。
