Iijima Akihiro, Tago Hiroshi, Kumagai Kimiyo, Kato Masahiko, Kozawa Kunihisa, Sato Keiichi, Furuta Naoki
Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 378 Kamioki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
J Environ Monit. 2008 Sep;10(9):1025-32. doi: 10.1039/b806483k. Epub 2008 Jul 29.
Airborne particulate matter, suspected to induce adverse effects on human health, have been one of the most important concerns regarding recent air pollution issues in Japan. To characterize regional and seasonal variations in emission sources of fine airborne particulate matter (d < 2 microm), monthly samples (n = 36 for each site) were collected at urban (Tokyo), suburban (Maebashi), and mountainous (Akagi) sites in Japan from April 2003 to March 2006. Multielement analysis of chemical species (Na, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb) was performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The combined source receptor model, which consists of positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance, determined the contributions of nine emission sources (local and continental soils, road dust, coal and oil combustion, waste incineration, steel industry, brake wear, and diesel exhaust) to the observed elemental concentrations. Large regional differences were identified in the source contributions among the observational sites. Diesel exhaust was identified as the most significant source (70% of identified contributions) at the urban site. Local and continental soils, coal combustion, and diesel exhaust were intricately assigned (20-30% each) to the suburban site. Continental soil was the predominant source (65%) at the mountainous site. Respective significant source contributions dominated the seasonal variations of total elemental concentrations at each site. These results suggest that a better understanding of the regional and seasonal characteristics of impacting emission sources will be important for improving regional environments.
空气中的颗粒物被怀疑会对人体健康产生不利影响，一直是日本近期空气污染问题中最重要的关注点之一。为了描述空气中细颗粒物（直径小于2微米）排放源的区域和季节变化，2003年4月至2006年3月期间，在日本的城市（东京）、郊区（前桥）和山区（赤城）站点每月采集样本（每个站点n = 36）。通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法对化学元素（钠、铝、钾、钙、钒、铬、锰、铁、镍、铜、锌、砷、锑和铅）进行多元素分析。由正定矩阵因子分解和化学质量平衡组成的源受体联合模型，确定了九个排放源（本地和大陆土壤、道路扬尘、煤炭和石油燃烧、垃圾焚烧、钢铁工业、刹车磨损和柴油尾气）对观测到的元素浓度的贡献。在各观测站点的源贡献中发现了较大的区域差异。柴油尾气被确定为城市站点最主要的排放源（占已确定贡献的70%）。本地和大陆土壤、煤炭燃烧以及柴油尾气对郊区站点的贡献较为复杂（各占20 - 30%）。大陆土壤是山区站点的主要排放源（占65%）。各自显著的源贡献主导了每个站点总元素浓度的季节变化。这些结果表明，更好地了解影响排放源的区域和季节特征对于改善区域环境至关重要。
