Herting Gunilla, Wallinder Inger Odnevall, Leygraf Christofer
Div. Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Dr. Kristinas v. 51, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Environ Monit. 2008 Sep;10(9):1084-91. doi: 10.1039/b805058a. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
The main focus of this paper is the assessment of release rates of chromium, nickel, iron and manganese from manganese-chromium stainless steel grades of low nickel content. The manganese content varied between 9.7 and 1.5 wt% and the corresponding nickel content between 1 and 5 wt%. All grades were exposed to artificial rain and two were immersed in a synthetic body fluid of similar pH but of different composition and exposure conditions. Surface compositional studies were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in parallel to correlate the metal release process with changes in surface oxide properties. All grades, independent of media, revealed a time-dependent metal release process with a preferential low release of iron and manganese compared to nickel and chromium while the chromium content of the surface oxide increased slightly. Manganese was detected in the surface oxide of all grades, except the grade of the lowest manganese bulk content. No nickel was observed in the outermost surface oxide. Stainless steel grades of the lowest chromium content (approximately 16 wt%) and highest manganese content (approximately 7-9 wt%), released the highest quantity of alloy constituents in total, and vice versa. No correlation was observed between the release rate of manganese and the alloy composition. Released main alloy constituents were neither proportional to the bulk alloy composition nor to the surface oxide composition.
本文的主要重点是评估低镍含量的锰铬不锈钢中铬、镍、铁和锰的释放率。锰含量在9.7%至1.5%（重量）之间变化，相应的镍含量在1%至5%（重量）之间。所有等级的材料都暴露在人工雨中，其中两种浸泡在pH值相似但成分和暴露条件不同的合成体液中。同时使用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）进行表面成分研究，以将金属释放过程与表面氧化物性质的变化相关联。所有等级的材料，无论处于何种介质中，均显示出随时间变化的金属释放过程，与镍和铬相比，铁和锰的释放量较低，而表面氧化物中的铬含量略有增加。除了锰含量最低的等级外，在所有等级的表面氧化物中都检测到了锰。在最外层的表面氧化物中未观察到镍。铬含量最低（约16%（重量））且锰含量最高（约7 - 9%（重量））的不锈钢等级，总共释放的合金成分数量最多，反之亦然。未观察到锰的释放率与合金成分之间存在相关性。释放的主要合金成分既与块状合金成分不成比例，也与表面氧化物成分不成比例。
