Summer Burkhard, Fink Ulrich, Zeller Richard, Rueff Franziska, Maier Sonja, Roider Gabriele, Thomas Peter
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, D-80337 München, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 2007 Jul;57(1):35-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01139.x.
Nickel, chromium, and cobalt released from stainless steel and CoCrMo alloys have been postulated to trigger hypersensitivity reactions. The objective of this study was to assess the ion release from a CoCrMo alloy and stainless steel in vitro and the cutaneous reactivity to it by patch test. 52 metal-allergic patients and 48 non-allergic controls were patch tested to stainless steel and CoCrMo discs. In addition, using atomic absorption spectrometry, the release of nickel, cobalt, and chromium from both materials was assessed upon 2-day exposure to distilled water, artificial sweat (AS), and cell culture medium. There was low nickel ion release from stainless steel (0.3-0.46 microg/cm(2)/2 days) and CoCrMo discs (up to 0.33 microg/cm(2)/2 days) into the different elution media. Chromium release from the 2 materials was also very low (0.06-0.38 microg/cm(2)/2 days from stainless steel and 0.52-1.36 microg/cm(2)/2 days from CoCrMo alloy). In contrast, AS led to abundant cobalt release (maximally 18.94 microg/cm(2)/2 days) from the CoCrMo discs, with concomitant eczematous reaction upon patch testing: 0 of the 52 metal-allergic patients reacted to stainless steel discs and 5 of the 52 patients to CoCrMo discs (all 5 patients were cobalt allergic and 3 also nickel and chromium allergic). None of the controls reacted to the discs. Apart from nickel being a focus of allergological research, our results point to the possibly underestimated association of cobalt release and potential hyperreactivity to CoCrMo alloy.
据推测，从不锈钢和钴铬钼合金中释放出的镍、铬和钴会引发过敏反应。本研究的目的是在体外评估钴铬钼合金和不锈钢的离子释放情况，并通过斑贴试验评估皮肤对其的反应性。对52名金属过敏患者和48名非过敏对照者进行了不锈钢和钴铬钼圆盘的斑贴试验。此外，使用原子吸收光谱法，评估了两种材料在暴露于蒸馏水、人工汗液（AS）和细胞培养基2天后镍、钴和铬的释放情况。不锈钢（0.3 - 0.46微克/平方厘米/2天）和钴铬钼圆盘（最高0.33微克/平方厘米/2天）向不同洗脱介质中的镍离子释放量较低。两种材料的铬释放量也非常低（不锈钢为0.06 - 0.38微克/平方厘米/2天，钴铬钼合金为0.52 - 1.36微克/平方厘米/2天）。相比之下，人工汗液导致钴铬钼圆盘大量释放钴（最高18.94微克/平方厘米/2天），斑贴试验时伴有湿疹反应：52名金属过敏患者中0人对不锈钢圆盘有反应，52名患者中有5人对钴铬钼圆盘有反应（所有5名患者对钴过敏，3人还对镍和铬过敏）。对照者中无人对圆盘有反应。除了镍是变应性学研究的重点外，我们的结果表明钴释放与对钴铬钼合金潜在的高反应性之间的关联可能被低估了。
