Schmittgen Thomas D
College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
J Cell Mol Med. 2008 Oct;12(5B):1811-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00483.x.
microRNA (miRNA) is a class of small, noncoding, regulatory RNAs. The approximately 21 nt mature miRNA is processed from larger precursor molecules following a coordinated series of events. In theory, miRNA processing may be regulated at any of these steps. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated various steps in the miRNA biogenesis process for which regulation occurs. RNA editing of miRNA precursors, SNPs or mutations in the miRNA precursors, regulation by RNA binding proteins, alterations in the levels of key processing proteins, as well as a number of unknown mechanisms contribute to the regulation of miRNA processing. This article reviews the available literature on the regulation of miRNA processing that occurs within normal cells, during development or in diseases such as cancer.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的、非编码的调节性RNA。大约21个核苷酸的成熟miRNA是经过一系列协同事件后从较大的前体分子加工而来的。理论上，miRNA加工可能在这些步骤中的任何一步受到调控。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA生物合成过程中的各个步骤都存在调控。miRNA前体的RNA编辑、miRNA前体中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）或突变、RNA结合蛋白的调控、关键加工蛋白水平的改变，以及许多未知机制都对miRNA加工的调控有贡献。本文综述了有关正常细胞内、发育过程中或癌症等疾病中发生的miRNA加工调控的现有文献。
