Alonso J, Buron A, Bruffaerts R, He Y, Posada-Villa J, Lepine J-P, Angermeyer M C, Levinson D, de Girolamo G, Tachimori H, Mneimneh Z N, Medina-Mora M E, Ormel J, Scott K M, Gureje O, Haro J M, Gluzman S, Lee S, Vilagut G, Kessler R C, Von Korff M
Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008 Oct;118(4):305-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01241.x. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
We assessed the prevalence of perceived stigma among persons with mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in an international study.
Perceived stigma (reporting health-related embarrassment and discrimination) was assessed among adults reporting significant disability. Mental disorders were assessed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0. Chronic conditions were ascertained by self-report. Household-residing adults (80,737) participated in 17 population surveys in 16 countries.
Perceived stigma was present in 13.5% (22.1% in developing and 11.7% in developed countries). Suffering from a depressive or an anxiety disorder (vs. no mental disorder) was associated with about a twofold increase in the likelihood of stigma, while comorbid depression and anxiety was even more strongly associated (OR 3.4, 95%CI 2.7-4.2). Chronic physical conditions showed a much lower association.
Perceived stigma is frequent and strongly associated with mental disorders worldwide. Efforts to alleviate stigma among individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety are needed.
在一项国际研究中，我们评估了精神障碍患者和慢性身体疾病患者中感知到的耻辱感的患病率。
在报告有严重残疾的成年人中评估感知到的耻辱感（报告与健康相关的尴尬和歧视）。使用综合国际诊断访谈（CIDI）3.0评估精神障碍。通过自我报告确定慢性疾病。居住在家庭中的成年人（80,737名）参与了16个国家的17项人口调查。
13.5%的人存在感知到的耻辱感（发展中国家为22.1%，发达国家为11.7%）。患有抑郁症或焦虑症（与无精神障碍相比）与耻辱感发生可能性增加约两倍相关，而抑郁症和焦虑症共病的相关性更强（比值比3.4，95%置信区间2.7 - 4.2）。慢性身体疾病的相关性要低得多。
在全球范围内，感知到的耻辱感很常见，且与精神障碍密切相关。需要努力减轻抑郁症和焦虑症共病个体的耻辱感。
