Behesti Hourinaz, Marino Silvia
Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, E1 2AT London, United Kingdom.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;41(3):435-45. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.06.017. Epub 2008 Aug 5.
Cerebellar granule cells originate from precursors located in the dorsal region of rhombomere one within the hindbrain of developing embryos. They undergo proliferation for an extensive period well into postnatal stages of development to form the major cell type of the cerebellum, the most populous structure within the mammalian brain. Granule cell development is highly dependent upon the cerebellar environment and contact with neighbouring cells. In recent years, the molecular basis of these interactions has started to be unravelled. Granule cell precursors and the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling their proliferation have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumour. Here, we review the control of granule cell generation with emphasis on the molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation during normal and malignant development.
小脑颗粒细胞起源于发育中胚胎后脑菱脑节1背侧区域的前体细胞。它们在出生后很长一段时间内持续增殖，直至发育后期，形成小脑的主要细胞类型，而小脑是哺乳动物脑中细胞数量最多的结构。颗粒细胞的发育高度依赖于小脑环境以及与邻近细胞的接触。近年来，这些相互作用的分子基础已开始被揭示。颗粒细胞前体细胞以及参与控制其增殖的分子机制已被证明与髓母细胞瘤（最常见的儿童恶性脑肿瘤）的发病机制有关。在此，我们综述颗粒细胞生成的调控，重点关注正常和恶性发育过程中细胞增殖与分化的分子调节因子。
