Probart Claudia, McDonnell Elaine, Weirich J Elaine, Schilling Lisa, Fekete Vonda
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, 5 Henderson Bldg, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Sep;108(9):1497-502. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.429.
With the passage of the Child Nutrition and Women, Infants, and Children Reauthorization Act of 2004, schools that sponsor school meals programs are required to establish local wellness policies to address childhood obesity. Little is known about how school districts will respond to this mandate, the nature of local wellness policies, and their compliance with this mandate. The objectives of this cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted in early 2007, were to assess local wellness policies established by Pennsylvania public school districts, compare these policies to local wellness policy mandate requirements, and provide information about local wellness policy development and implementation. Local wellness policies were collected from all Pennsylvania public school districts that sponsor school meals programs (N=499). School district representatives also completed and submitted a local wellness policy checklist, providing information about local wellness policy development and implementation. Policy goal data were abstracted and entered into a Microsoft Access database along with local wellness policy data. Frequencies were calculated. All required public school districts (N=499) submitted local wellness policies. Most school district local wellness policies (85.6%-100%) met each mandate requirement (eg, included goals for nutrition education, physical activity, etc.). The most common policy goals were general and may be difficult to measure, suggesting school staff may need assistance developing action plans and measuring policy implementation. Most respondents identified the superintendent (n=377; 75.6%) and school foodservice director (n=301; 60.3%) as responsible for ensuring local wellness policy implementation. Questions remain about feasibility of these district-level personnel to ensure policy implementation at the school level. The ability of local wellness policies to impact childhood obesity will depend on efforts at both the school and district levels to implement and enforce local wellness policies.
随着2004年《儿童营养与妇女、婴儿和儿童再授权法案》的通过，开展学校膳食计划的学校必须制定地方健康政策，以应对儿童肥胖问题。对于学区将如何应对这一要求、地方健康政策的性质以及它们对这一要求的遵守情况，人们了解甚少。这项于2007年初进行的横断面描述性研究的目的是评估宾夕法尼亚州公立学区制定的地方健康政策，将这些政策与地方健康政策要求进行比较，并提供有关地方健康政策制定和实施的信息。从宾夕法尼亚州所有开展学校膳食计划的公立学区（N = 499）收集了地方健康政策。学区代表还完成并提交了一份地方健康政策清单，提供有关地方健康政策制定和实施的信息。政策目标数据被提取出来，并与地方健康政策数据一起输入到Microsoft Access数据库中。计算了频率。所有要求的公立学区（N = 499）都提交了地方健康政策。大多数学区的地方健康政策（85.6%-100%）符合每项要求（例如，包括营养教育、体育活动等目标）。最常见的政策目标较为笼统，可能难以衡量，这表明学校工作人员在制定行动计划和衡量政策实施方面可能需要帮助。大多受访者认为学监（n = 377；75.6%）和学校食品服务主管（n = 301；60.3%）负责确保地方健康政策的实施。这些学区层面的人员能否确保在学校层面实施政策仍存在疑问。地方健康政策对儿童肥胖的影响程度将取决于学校和学区层面为实施和执行地方健康政策所做的努力。
