Messing Joachim, Bennetzen Jeffrey L
Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.; USA.
Genome Dyn. 2008;4:41-56. doi: 10.1159/000126005.
Advances in the construction of large insert libraries and physical maps have facilitated the sequencing of orthologous regions from related plant species that differ in genome size. This approach has been particularly productive for the Poaceae, including many important cereal crops. When the sequences of orthologous regions from closely related species are aligned, we can analyze the details of chromosomal evolution. The dynamics of chromosome structure appears to be driven by two types of rearrangement mechanisms, 'cut and paste' and 'copy and paste'. The latter mechanism has contributed to the expansion of orthologous regions, primarily by transposon amplification, while ongoing deletions by illegitimate and homologous recombination have at least partially counteracted or reversed this expansion in some regions. This review describes the current status of our understanding of the plasticity of plant genomes, emphasizing maize as a model for these studies.
大型插入文库和物理图谱构建技术的进步，推动了对基因组大小不同的相关植物物种直系同源区域的测序。这种方法在禾本科植物中成效显著，其中包括许多重要的谷类作物。当对亲缘关系较近物种的直系同源区域序列进行比对时，我们就能够分析染色体进化的细节。染色体结构的动态变化似乎由两种重排机制驱动，即“剪切粘贴”和“复制粘贴”。后一种机制主要通过转座子扩增促进了直系同源区域的扩展，而异常重组和同源重组导致的持续缺失至少在某些区域部分抵消或逆转了这种扩展。本综述描述了我们目前对植物基因组可塑性的理解现状，重点以玉米作为这些研究的模型。
