Lund A K, Wolfe A C
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
J Stud Alcohol. 1991 Jul;52(4):293-301. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1991.52.293.
Studies of motor vehicle fatality data have indicated that alcohol involvement in fatal crashes has declined substantially in the United States since 1980. To determine the actual incidence of alcohol-impaired drivers on U.S. roads, a national roadside survey using portable breath-testing devices was carried out in 32 localities in the spring of 1986. The same sampling design and survey procedures used in a 1973 national roadside survey were followed as much as possible. The 1986 survey found 3.1% of the late-night weekend drivers to have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.10% or more, compared to 4.9% of drivers in 1973. Similarly, 8.3% of the 1986 drivers were at or above 0.05% BAC, compared to 13.5% in 1973. The data indicate that the incidence of alcohol-impaired driving on weekend nights has fallen by one-third or more in the United States since 1973 and that the decline affected most population subgroups.
对机动车死亡数据的研究表明，自1980年以来，美国致命车祸中涉及酒精的情况已大幅下降。为确定美国道路上受酒精影响的司机的实际发生率，1986年春季在32个地区开展了一项使用便携式呼气测试设备的全国路边调查。尽可能遵循了1973年全国路边调查中使用的相同抽样设计和调查程序。1986年的调查发现，深夜周末驾车者中有3.1%的血液酒精浓度（BAC）为0.10%或更高，而1973年这一比例为4.9%。同样，1986年的司机中有8.3%的BAC达到或超过0.05%，而1973年为13.5%。数据表明，自1973年以来，美国周末夜晚受酒精影响驾驶的发生率下降了三分之一或更多，且这一下降影响了大多数人口亚组。
