Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Addiction. 2011 Jul;106(7):1251-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03408.x. Epub 2011 May 6.
The objective of this study was to establish the extent of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among drivers at risk for alcohol-related crashes. The prevalence of drivers with AUDs on US roads on weekend evenings when alcohol-related crashes are most frequent is unknown. This study will inform laws and programs designed to reduce alcohol-involved crashes.
Interviews using a 15-item AUD questionnaire with a stratified random sample of non-commercial drivers at 60 primary sampling locations in the 48 contiguous states on Fridays and Saturdays between 10 p.m. and 3 a.m. from July to November 2007.
Off-road locations into which a police officer directed a random selection of motorist passing the site.
A total of 4614 drivers of non-commercial vehicles.
AUDs, including heavy drinking, alcohol abuse, and alcohol dependence.
Of the participating drivers, 73.7% were current drinkers (reported drinking in the last year). Among those drinkers, 14% were classifiable either as dependent drinkers or as abusive drinkers based on self-reports of drinking. Another 10% of the drivers were classified as heavy drinkers. Nearly half of the drivers in the survey who had blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) at or higher than the 0.08 g per deciliter legal limit fell into one of those three AUD categories.
Survey data suggest that the majority of high-blood alcohol concentration drivers on US roads show no clinical signs of an alcohol use disorder, but they are categorized as heavy drinkers. This suggests that environmental programs directed at reducing heavy drinking and brief behavioral interventions aimed at reducing episodes of excessive consumption have promise for reducing alcohol-related crashes.
本研究旨在确定有酒精相关撞车风险的司机中酒精使用障碍（AUD）的程度。在美国，周末晚上是酒精相关撞车事故最频繁发生的时间，目前尚不清楚这段时间路上有 AUD 的司机的流行率。本研究将为旨在减少酒后涉撞事故的法律和项目提供信息。
在 2007 年 7 月至 11 月，周五和周六晚上 10 点至凌晨 3 点，在 48 个相连州的 60 个主要抽样地点，对非商业司机进行分层随机抽样，使用包含 15 个项目的 AUD 问卷进行访谈。
警察将随机选择的司机引导至远离道路的地点。
共有 4614 名非商业车辆的司机。
AUD，包括酗酒、酒精滥用和酒精依赖。
在参与的司机中，73.7%是当前饮酒者（报告在过去一年中饮酒）。在这些饮酒者中，根据自我报告的饮酒情况，有 14%可归类为依赖型饮酒者或滥用型饮酒者。另有 10%的司机被归类为酗酒者。在调查中，近一半的血液酒精浓度（BAC）达到或高于 0.08 克/分升法定限制的司机属于这三种 AUD 类别之一。
调查数据表明，美国道路上大多数血液酒精浓度高的司机没有酒精使用障碍的临床迹象，但他们被归类为酗酒者。这表明，针对减少酗酒的环境项目和旨在减少过度饮酒的简短行为干预可能有助于减少酒后涉撞事故。
