Kesby G, Parker G, Barrett E
Physiological Laboratory, Cambridge, England.
Med J Aust. 1991 Aug 19;155(4):229-33. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142227.x.
To determine if personality and coping style are central determinants of drinking and smoking at risk to fetal health during pregnancy.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 99 women recently confined at a Sydney obstetric hospital received a semi-structured interview and completed a number of questionnaires.
Alcohol and cigarette consumption over designated intervals since conception were assessed by interview. Questionnaires assessed maternal anxiety and postnatal depression, as well as coping strategies and personality characteristics such as impulsiveness.
After confirmation of pregnancy, two-thirds of those previously drinking ceased while only one-third of those who had been smokers then abstained, with intake levels showing a similar pattern of a relatively greater decrease in alcohol than cigarette consumption over the course of the pregnancy. Personality and coping style differences were not demonstrated between the following contrasting groups: (a) smokers v. non-smokers prior to confirmation of pregnancy; (b) on-going drinkers v. relative abstainers during pregnancy; and (c) excessive smokers and drinkers before pregnancy v. all other subjects. Comparison of drinkers and non-drinkers before pregnancy suggested less "mature" coping styles for the latter, an unexpected finding.
There was little support for the hypothesis that drinking and smoking at risk to health (before and during pregnancy) are determined by the individual's personality and general coping repertoires.
确定个性和应对方式是否是孕期饮酒和吸烟危害胎儿健康的核心决定因素。
设计、地点和参与者：对悉尼一家产科医院近期住院的99名女性进行抽样，她们接受了半结构化访谈并完成了多项问卷调查。
通过访谈评估自怀孕以来指定时间段内的酒精和香烟消费量。问卷调查评估产妇焦虑和产后抑郁，以及应对策略和冲动性等个性特征。
确认怀孕后，三分之二的既往饮酒者戒酒，而既往吸烟者只有三分之一戒烟，摄入量水平显示出相似的模式，即孕期酒精摄入量的下降幅度相对大于香烟消费量。在以下对比组之间未显示出个性和应对方式的差异：（a）怀孕确认前的吸烟者与非吸烟者；（b）孕期持续饮酒者与相对戒酒者；（c）怀孕前过度吸烟和饮酒者与所有其他受试者。怀孕前饮酒者与非饮酒者的比较表明，后者的应对方式不太“成熟”，这是一个意外发现。
几乎没有证据支持以下假设，即（怀孕前和怀孕期间）危害健康的饮酒和吸烟由个体的个性和一般应对方式决定。
