Bertrand S, Rimhanen-Finne R, Weill F X, Rabsch W, Thornton L, Perevoscikovs J, van Pelt W, Heck M
Eurosurveillance, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
Euro Surveill. 2008 Jun 12;13(24):18902.
Salmonella infections are caused by consumption of contaminated food, person-to-person transmission, waterborne transmission and numerous environmental and animal exposures. Specifically, reptiles and other cold blooded animals (often referred to as "exotic pets") can act as reservoirs of Salmonella, and cases of infection have been associated with direct or indirect contact with these animals. Approximately 1.4 million human cases of Salmonella infection occur each year in the United States and it has been estimated that 74,000 are a result of exposure to reptiles and amphibians. Regular case reports of reptile-associated salmonellosis in the US are available for the period 1994-2002. Cases of Salmonella infection attributed to direct or indirect contact with reptiles or other exotic pets have been described in a number of European countries, too but a more comprehensive overview of the magnitude of this problem in Europe is lacking. In total, 160,649 human cases of salmonellosis were reported in 2006 in the then 25 European Union Member States, Bulgaria, Romania, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
沙门氏菌感染是由食用受污染的食物、人际传播、水源性传播以及大量的环境和动物接触所引起的。具体而言，爬行动物和其他冷血动物（通常被称为“外来宠物”）可成为沙门氏菌的宿主，感染病例与直接或间接接触这些动物有关。在美国，每年约有140万例人类沙门氏菌感染病例，据估计，其中7.4万例是由于接触爬行动物和两栖动物所致。1994年至2002年期间，美国有关于爬行动物相关沙门氏菌病的定期病例报告。在一些欧洲国家，也有因直接或间接接触爬行动物或其他外来宠物而导致沙门氏菌感染的病例描述，但欧洲缺乏对这一问题严重程度的更全面概述。2006年，当时的25个欧盟成员国、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、冰岛、列支敦士登和挪威共报告了160,649例人类沙门氏菌病病例。
