Atkinson Thomas M, Konold Timothy R, Glutting Joseph J
Department of Leadership, Foundations, and Policy, University of Virginia Curry School of Education, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2008 Sep;14(5):869-77. doi: 10.1017/S1355617708081137.
Memory is arguably the most important function of cognition. When left undetected, memory impairments are linked to life long underachievement and negative social consequences. Given that the construct of memory is multidimensional, the current study examined patterns of multiple indicators associated with memory across individuals ranging in age from 5 to 85 years who had been administered the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning-Second Edition (WRAML-2). Multistage cluster analysis with independent age replications was used to empirically identify normative profiles in a sample of (n = 1172) typically developing individuals. This procedure considered how various indicators of memory operate in concert by accounting for the nonlinear multivariate relationships among them. Results supported nine common (or core) profile types that satisfied all formal heuristic and statistical criteria, including complete coverage, satisfactory within-type homogeneity, between-type dissimilarity, and replicability. A summary of the defining characteristics for each profile is provided.
可以说，记忆是认知最重要的功能。如果未被发现，记忆障碍会导致一生无所作为并产生负面的社会后果。鉴于记忆的结构是多维度的，本研究调查了年龄在5至85岁之间、接受过《广泛记忆与学习评估第二版》（WRAML-2）测试的个体中与记忆相关的多个指标的模式。采用具有独立年龄重复的多阶段聚类分析，以实证方式在1172名发育正常个体的样本中确定常模概况。该程序通过考虑记忆的各种指标之间的非线性多变量关系，来研究它们如何协同运作。结果支持了九种符合所有形式启发式和统计标准的常见（或核心）概况类型，包括完全覆盖、类型内令人满意的同质性、类型间的差异性和可重复性。文中提供了每种概况的定义特征总结。
