Leonardi Maritza, Tarifeño Eduardo, Vera Jeanett
PIMEX-ARAUCO Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile,
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009 Apr;56(3):546-56. doi: 10.1007/s00244-008-9223-5. Epub 2008 Sep 4.
This study evaluated the histopathological lesions of the Chilean flounder, Paralichthys adspersus, inhabiting the marine coastal area influenced by the Itata River (central Chile) in order to provide an environmental baseline given the plans to discharge effluents from a cellulose plant through a submarine pipe in the area. Flounder were also sampled at two reference sites over the course of 1 year. Pathological examinations and descriptions of histopathological lesions follow the ICES suggested protocol: internal and histopathological lesions, condition factor, and hepatosomatic and spleen indexes. The prevalence of fish with histopathological lesions differed significantly among sites. The flounder sampled in the Itata area were the most affected. Evaluation of histopathological lesions observed on the flounder caught in the Itata area revealed (i) 16 different types of histopathological lesions, (ii) a high prevalence of lesions in gills and epidermal and hepatic tissue, and (iii) a normal K factor and hepatosomatic index. Significant differences were found in epidermal hyperplasia (EH), chronic dermatitis, telangiectasis (TEL), localized edema in the base of lamellae (LE), fusion of secondary lamellae (FSL), foci of cellular alteration (FCA), melanomacrophagic centers (MMCs), and hemosiderin (HEM) lesions among sites and among sites by season of the year. Winter 2006 was the most affected. A seasonal analysis of histopathological lesions on flounder caught in the Itata area showed significant differences for EH, progressive focal invasion of muscle fibers (PFIMF), TEL, LE, FSL, lamellar bifurcation, hepatitis, FCA, MMCs, and HEM lesions between the sampled seasons of the year; flounder caught in winter 2006 had the highest prevalence of these lesions except for PFIMF, which was higher in winter 2007. These results are discussed in relation to the contents of inorganic and organic compounds in the water column and the contents of organic compounds in sediments of the subtidal environment in the Itata area.
本研究评估了栖息在受伊塔塔河（智利中部）影响的海洋沿岸地区的智利庸鲽（Paralichthys adspersus）的组织病理学损伤情况，目的是鉴于计划通过海底管道向该地区排放纤维素厂的废水，提供一个环境基线。在1年的时间里，还在两个参考地点采集了庸鲽样本。病理检查和组织病理学损伤描述遵循国际海洋考察理事会建议的方案：内部和组织病理学损伤、状况因子以及肝体指数和脾指数。有组织病理学损伤的鱼类的患病率在不同地点之间存在显著差异。在伊塔塔地区采集的庸鲽受影响最大。对在伊塔塔地区捕获的庸鲽上观察到的组织病理学损伤的评估显示：（i）16种不同类型的组织病理学损伤；（ii）鳃、表皮和肝组织中损伤的高患病率；（iii）正常的K因子和肝体指数。在表皮增生（EH）、慢性皮炎、毛细血管扩张（TEL）、鳃小片基部局部水肿（LE）、次级鳃小片融合（FSL）、细胞改变灶（FCA）、黑色素巨噬细胞中心（MMCs）和含铁血黄素（HEM）损伤方面，不同地点之间以及按一年中的季节划分的不同地点之间均发现了显著差异。2006年冬季受影响最严重。对在伊塔塔地区捕获的庸鲽的组织病理学损伤进行的季节性分析显示，在一年的采样季节之间，EH、肌肉纤维渐进性局灶性侵袭（PFIMF）、TEL、LE、FSL、鳃小片分叉、肝炎、FCA、MMCs和HEM损伤存在显著差异；2006年冬季捕获的庸鲽中这些损伤的患病率最高，但PFIMF除外，其在2007年冬季更高。结合伊塔塔地区水柱中的无机和有机化合物含量以及潮下环境沉积物中的有机化合物含量对这些结果进行了讨论。
