Harasim Ewa, Kalinowska Agnieszka, Chabowski Adrian, Stepek Tomasz
Zakład Fizjologii Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2008 Aug 25;62:433-41.
Skeletal muscles display an essential role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis. Because of their hydrophobic nature, long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) can enter cells via passive diffusion along the concentration gradient across the sarcolemma. However, it was also shown recently that protein-mediated transport of LCFAs occurs in skeletal muscles. So far, three groups of long-chain fatty-acid transport proteins have been identified that facilitate LCFA transport: fatty-acid translocase (FAT/CD36), plasma membrane-associated fatty-acid binding protein (FABPpm), and fatty-acid transport proteins (FATP) 1-6. Several studies revealed that both the expression and the translocation of FA transporters is process that can be highly regulated. Recent studies had shown that exercise training increases not only the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, but also the expression of protein transporters. It was also shown that contractile activity of skeletal muscles is able to induce the translocation of protein transporters (FAT/CD36) zapotrzebofrom the intracellular compartment to the sarcolemma with a subsequent increase in LCFA transmembrane transport.
骨骼肌在全身能量稳态的调节中发挥着重要作用。由于长链脂肪酸（LCFAs）具有疏水性，它们可以沿着浓度梯度通过被动扩散穿过肌膜进入细胞。然而，最近也有研究表明，骨骼肌中存在蛋白质介导的长链脂肪酸转运。到目前为止，已经鉴定出三组促进长链脂肪酸转运的长链脂肪酸转运蛋白：脂肪酸转位酶（FAT/CD36）、质膜相关脂肪酸结合蛋白（FABPpm）和脂肪酸转运蛋白（FATP）1-6。多项研究表明，脂肪酸转运蛋白的表达和转位都是可以受到高度调控的过程。最近的研究表明，运动训练不仅能增加长链脂肪酸的氧化，还能增加蛋白质转运体的表达。研究还表明，骨骼肌的收缩活动能够诱导蛋白质转运体（FAT/CD36）从细胞内区室转位到肌膜，随后长链脂肪酸跨膜转运增加。
