Admi Hanna, Tzischinsky Orna, Epstein Rachel, Herer Paula, Lavie Peretz
Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
Nurs Econ. 2008 Jul-Aug;26(4):250-7.
There is evidence in the scientific literature of the adverse physiological and psychological effects of shift work, including disruption to biological rhythm, sleep disorders, health problems, diminished performance at work, job dissatisfaction, and social isolation. In this study, the results of health problems and sleep disorders between female and male nurses, between daytime and shift nurses, and between sleep-adjusted and non-sleep-adjusted shift nurses were compared. Also the relationship between adjustment to shift work and organizational outcomes (errors and incidents and absenteeism from work) was analyzed. Gender, age, and weight were more significant factors than shift work in determining the well-being of nurses. Shift work by itself was not found to be a risk factor for nurses' health and organizational outcomes in this study. Moreover, nurses who were identified as being "non-adaptive" to shift work were found to work as effectively and safely as their adaptive colleagues in terms of absenteeism from work and involvement in professional errors and accidents. This research adds two additional findings to the field of shift work studies. The first finding is that female shift workers complain significantly more about sleep disorders than male shift workers. Second, although high rates of nurses whose sleep was not adapted to shift work were found, this did not have a more adverse impact on their health, absenteeism rates, or performance (reported errors and incidents), compared to their "adaptive" and "daytime" colleagues.
科学文献中有证据表明轮班工作会产生不良的生理和心理影响，包括扰乱生物节律、睡眠障碍、健康问题、工作表现下降、工作不满以及社交孤立。在本研究中，比较了男女护士之间、日班和轮班护士之间以及睡眠调整和未调整的轮班护士之间的健康问题和睡眠障碍结果。此外，还分析了轮班工作调整与组织结果（差错和事故以及旷工）之间的关系。在决定护士的幸福感方面，性别、年龄和体重比轮班工作更具重要因素。在本研究中，未发现轮班工作本身是护士健康和组织结果的风险因素。此外，在旷工以及发生职业差错和事故方面，被认定为“不适应”轮班工作的护士与适应轮班工作的同事工作效率和安全性相当。这项研究为轮班工作研究领域增添了另外两项发现。第一项发现是，女性轮班工作者比男性轮班工作者对睡眠障碍的抱怨明显更多。第二项发现是，尽管发现有很高比例的护士睡眠不适应轮班工作，但与“适应轮班工作”的同事和“日班”同事相比，这对他们的健康、旷工率或工作表现（报告的差错和事故）并没有更不利的影响。
